Behavioural Brain ResearchMarch 28, 2026Lucas Villar Pedrosa Da Silva Pantoja, Luiza Fernanda Ramos Soares, Brenda Costa Da Conceição et al.
Adolescence is a period of profound behavioral changes associated with high brain vulnerability to negative stimuli including psychotropic drugs misuse which may contribute to the development of psychiatric disorders. Ketamine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, is an anesthetic agent used in a recreational manner in night clubs and raves, especially by intranasal route. The psychedelic effects of...
Zawsze i wszędzie muzyka wywoływała zmiany w świadomości doświadczających jej ludzi. Muzyka instrumentalna epoki romantyzmu łączyła się jednak ze świadomością w sposób wyjątkowy – wielu ówczesnych kompozytorów stworzyło bowiem dzieła, które bez pomocy tekstu obrazują proces owej zmiany świadomości w toku. Niniejszy artykuł proponuje model następstwa elementów, który zwykli wykorzystywać...
Uncovering the neural basis of psychedelics’ potent effects on brain activity and conscious experience has great potential for understanding their therapeutic effects. Numerous studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) uncovered a strong effect of psychedelics on global properties of fMRI signal, but how they map to underlying neural phenomena remains to be further explored. In...
Abstract This paper introduces the Type 1 / Type 2 consciousness framework, a theoretical distinction grounded in a sustained phenomenological case study of over seven years. The framework proposes two fundamental modes of conscious experience, differentiated primarily by the involvement of the Default Mode Network (DMN). Type 1 consciousness is characterized as pre-narrative awareness with...
Abstract The brain continuously integrates information from the external environment (exteroception) and the internal bodily milieu (interoception). How the balance between these two processing streams shifts across vigilance states with differing levels of environmental responsiveness, however, remains poorly understood. Here, we examined neural responses to external auditory and internal...
During sleep, the human brain transitions to a "sentinel processing mode," enabling the continued processing of environmental stimuli despite the absence of consciousness. We employed advanced information-theoretic analyses, including mutual information (MI) and co-information (co-I), alongside event-related potential (ERP) and temporal generalization analyses (TGA), to characterize auditory...
If meditative practice can durably transform experience, and if phenomenology can refine how conscious experience becomes describable, then the interface between transformation and description becomes a shared research problem-philosophical, psychological, and methodological. Addressing it requires the traditions to move beyond conventional self-descriptions. Phenomenology is challenged to ask...
Discussions around the diagnosis and treatment of developmental trauma continue to evolve, yet a growing body of literature highlights its profound impact on physical, emotional, cognitive, and relational functioning. Developmental trauma often involves coping strategies adapted in response to chronic early-life adversity, including physiological and emotional dysregulation, attachment...
This chapter presents examples of profound and transformative spiritual awakenings drawn from great masters of the past, both Eastern and Western. The narrative links these experiences to the central thesis of “Conscious Psychiatry,” which views such awakenings not as pathology but as stages of potential growth if understood and supported correctly. The text recalls the Resurrection as a...
This section examines the relationship between spirituality and psychiatry, focusing on the distinction between spiritual emergencies (SE) and psychotic crises (PC). Mainstream psychiatry often interprets mystical or non-ordinary states of consciousness as symptoms of mental illness, attributing them to brain chemistry alterations and aiming to restore the patient to a previous “normal” state....