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Neurosciences 2007 B. Issa
Cannabis is one of the oldest, and one of the most widely abused substances. It is available in all parts of the world where it is used commonly as a recreational drug when smoked or consumed in some other ways. It also has some medicinal potential, the reason for which some are calling for its legalization. Cannabis has been associated with several psychiatric problems such as anxiety...
Psychopharmacology January 2007 Manuel E. Tancer, Chris‐ellyn Johanson
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of serotonin (5-HT) in the effects of oral 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in humans. The subjective and physiological effects of 1.5 mg/kg MDMA were evaluated after 20 mg fluoxetine in eight recreational MDMA users in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. During phase 1, participants were maintained on placebo for at least 5...
Advances in Cognitive Psychology 2007 Stefan Wiens 24 citations
When people look at pictures, they usually report that they are consciously aware of the pictures. However, visual consciousness can be manipulated easily with many different methods For example, when pictures are shown in quick succession or close in space, visibility of the pictures may be reduced and thus masked As a result, participants may report that they are not consciously aware of the...
Medical Hypotheses 2007 Bruce G Charlton
Once I had a bizarre dream in which I was vouchsafed a secret which would ensure my wealth and success. It was the title for a comic novel; one supposedly so funny that it would guarantee classic status for any book: Oh Colonel Flastratus! The distinctive feature about my dream was its quality of profound significance, which felt akin to the Eureka moment of a scientific discovery. This led me...
2007 Torin Alter, Sven Walter 50 citations
Abstract What is the nature of consciousness? How is consciousness related to brain processes? This book discusses these topics. All chapters focus on consciousness in the “phenomenal” sense: looking at what it's like to have an experience. Consciousness has long been regarded as the biggest stumbling block for physicalism, the view that the mind is physical. This controversy has gained focus...
Scholarpedia 2007 Florian Mormann, Christof Koch 154 citations
Consciousness is a puzzling, state-dependent property of certain types of complex, biological, adaptive, and highly interconnected systems. A science of consciousness must strive to explain the exact relationship between phenomenal, mental states and brain states. This is the heart of the classical mind-body problem: What is the nature of the relationship between the immaterial, conscious mind...
Annals of Clinical Psychiatry 2007 Rif S El-Mallakh, Henry David Abraham 17 citations
BACKGROUND: 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or Ecstasy) is a synthetic amphetamine analogue that is recreationally used to obtain a psychological effect of enhanced affiliative emotional response. Its use in Western countries appears to be increasing, particularly among young individuals. METHODS: Pertinent basic and clinical literature is critically reviewed. RESULTS: A significant...
JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE 2007 Carla Macedo, Paula S. Branco, Luı́sa M. Ferreira et al. 36 citations
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or "Ecstasy") is a widely abused, psychoactive recreational drug. There are growing evidences that the MDMA neurotoxic profile may be highly dependent on its hepatic metabolism. MDMA metabolism leads to the production of highly reactive derivates, namely catechols, catechol thioethers, and quinones. In this study the electrochemical oxidation-reduction...
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2007 Eduardo R Butelman, Marek Mandau, Kevin Tidgewell et al. 64 citations
This study focused on the in vivo effects of the kappa-opioid hallucinogen salvinorin A, derived from the plant Salvia divinorum. The effects of salvinorin A (0.0032-0.056 mg/kg i.v.) were studied in a neuroendocrine biomarker assay of the anterior pituitary hormone prolactin in gonadally intact, adult male and female rhesus monkeys (n = 4 each). Salvinorin A produced dose- and time-dependent...
Addiction December 20, 2006 Robert S. Gable 240 citations
ABSTRACT Aim To extend previous reviews by assessing the acute systemic toxicity and psychological hazards of a dimethyltryptamine and β‐carboline brew (ayahuasca/hoasca) used in religious ceremonies. Method A systematic literature search, supplemented by interviews with ceremony participants. Results No laboratory animal models were located that tested the acute toxicity or the abuse potential...