Cambridge University Press eBooks
February 11, 2010
Kent Bach
12 citations
Here is an old question in the philosophy of perception: here I am, looking at the pen on my desk. Presumably I really am seeing this pen. Even so, I could be having an experience just like the one I am having without anything being there. So how can the experience I am having really involve direct awareness of the pen? It seems as though the presence of the pen is inessential to the way the...
Cambridge University Press eBooks
February 4, 2010
Vibeke S. Catts, Stanley V. Catts
12 citations
Facts box Phencyclidine (PCP), ketamine, D-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and 3, 4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) have been variously referred to as schizophrenomimetics, psychotogens, or psychotomimetics. There have been many reports that these drugs can induce psychotic symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, formal thought disorder, or catatonia-like abnormalities) in the absence of...
Cambridge University Press eBooks
January 7, 2010
Hugo Lagercrantz, Jean-Pierre Changeux
1 citation
Introduction One of the most important challenges of this century is to understand the neural bases of consciousness from the molecular to the highest cognitive level, in other words, to bridge “the hump from neurochemistry to subjective feeling” (Searle, 2000). Yet, due to the complexity of the human brain, it is not anticipated that a single concept, method, or experimental finding will ever...
Cambridge University Press eBooks
December 22, 2009
Émile Durkheim, Neil Gross, Robert Alun Jones et al.
We know that the self exists. But what is its nature? Here again, we run across a theory that we've already examined from another perspective. We want to ask if, as some philosophers claim, there's something in us besides the self, something distinct from the body – if somehow the inner world transcends that revealed to us by consciousness – if, in short, the soul is greater than the self....
Cambridge University Press eBooks
November 26, 2009
Eric A. Nofzinger
Dream recall decreases with the age of the dreamer in both home and laboratory dreams in both men and women. As the dreamer ages, characters in the dream decrease, the dreamer is less likely to be the center of the dream action, and there are more family characters in the dream report. Social interactions in dreams are more commonly aggressive then friendly and least common are sexual...
Cambridge University Press eBooks
November 12, 2009
Russell J. Reising, Jim Leblanc
8 citations
The day of the LSD experience often becomes a dramatic and easily discernible landmark in the development of individual artists. stanislav grof
Cambridge University Press eBooks
September 3, 2009
Rocco J. Gennaro
24 citations
This chapter discusses and elaborates upon the evidence for higher-order thoughts (or I-thoughts) in animals. It also shows that the higher-order thought (HOT) theory is indeed consistent with animal consciousness. The chapter argues that recent experimental evidence on animal memory and metacognition strongly suggests that many animals have the self-concepts and mental-state concepts necessary...
Cambridge University Press eBooks
November 17, 2008
Glenn Alexander Magee
10 citations
INTRODUCTION That there is something “mystical” about Hegel's philosophy is a familiar claim. In the years following Hegel's death it was a commonplace. In an 1840 essay on Meister Eckhart, the Danish philosopher Hans Martensen remarked that Hegel (as well as Schelling) had “demanded that philosophical thought rejuvenate itself in the immediate knowledge of God and divine things found in...
Cambridge University Press eBooks
May 22, 2008
Toby Mayer
23 citations
INTRODUCTION Concepts of God aremere simulacra. Such, in brief, was the teaching of the great Hispano-Arab mystical theologian Muhyi'l-Dīn ibn 'Arabī (d. 1240). In his typically outspoken formulation, the conceptual God is just a “created God”. He is, according to Ibn 'Arabī's expression “the God created in dogmas” ( al-Haqq al-makhlūq fi'l-i'tiqādāt ). In the Islamic ethos, such a deity is...
Cambridge University Press eBooks
November 29, 2007
Charlotte E. Hardman
9 citations
Shamanism has intrigued the Western world for over 500 years. When in 1968 an inaccessible and inscrutable student of anthropology called Carlos Castaneda published his book The Teaching of Don Juan , a legion of seekers after truth, social scientists, and scientists in the Western world became fascinated by the worldview of a Yaqui sorcerer who was teaching Carlos to “see” at twilight through...
Cambridge University Press eBooks
May 14, 2007
Edmund T Rolls
34 citations
The affective neuroscience of consciousness: higher-order syntactic thoughts, dual routes to emotion and action, and consciousness from Part II - The neuroscience of consciousness Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 June 2012 By Edmund T.
Cambridge University Press eBooks
May 14, 2007
Ron Sun, Stan Franklin
30 citations
This chapter aims to provide an overview of existing computational (mechanistic) models of cognition in relation to the study of consciousness, on the basis of psychological and philosophical theories and data. It examines various mechanistic explanations of consciousness in existing computational cognitive models. Serving as an example for the discussions, a computational model of the...
Cambridge University Press eBooks
May 14, 2007
John F. Kihlstrom
26 citations
This chapter provides an overview of existing computational (mechanistic) models of cognition in relation to the study of consciousness, on the basis of psychological and philosophical theories and data. It begins by examining some foundational issues concerning computational approaches toward consciousness. Then, various existing models and their explanations of the conscious/unconscious...
Cambridge University Press eBooks
May 14, 2007
C. Jason Throop, Charles D. Laughlin
26 citations
Empirical evidence shows that much of the functioning of our motor system occurs without awareness. It seems that consciousness can manifest itself at three stages: intention to perform an action, performance of intended action, and perception of the effects of performed action. This chapter reviews the evidence that suggests that many aspects of action, from initiation to appreciation of the...
Cambridge University Press eBooks
December 21, 2006
Kate Miriam Loewenthal
Definitions and causes of dissociation and dissociative personality disorder Trances and possession states are sometimes thought of as dissociative. Are they? Do religious and cultural factors contribute to dissociative states and disorders? Eric had suffered serious abuse as a child, and in psychotherapy began to reveal different personalities: ‘quiet, middle-aged Dwight, the hysterically...
Cambridge University Press eBooks
September 12, 2005
Jesse J. Prinz
89 citations
Introduction: The Problems of Consciousness Reading the philosophical literature on consciousness, one might get the idea that there is just one problem in consciousness studies, the hard problem. That would be a mistake. There are other problems; some are more tractable, but none is easy, and all interesting. The literature on the hard problem gives the impression that we have made little...
Cambridge University Press eBooks
May 27, 2004
Deepak Cyril D’souza, Hyun Sang Cho, Edward Belk Perry et al.
32 citations
Hypotheses relating to the association between cannabis and psychosis may be divided into two groups. The exogenous hypothesis, which has received far greater attention, suggests that the consumption of cannabinoid compounds produces psychotic disorders by mechanisms that are extrinsic to the pathophysiology of naturally occurring psychoses. As discussed elsewhere in this book, converging...
Cambridge University Press eBooks
May 27, 2004
Wayne Hall, Louisa Degenhardt
27 citations
There are good reasons to be concerned about the possibility that cannabis use may be a cause of psychotic disorders. Psychoses are serious and disabling disorders (Bromet et al. , 1995). Cannabis is widely used during late adolescence in many developed societies (Hall et al. , 1999), and high doses of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) – the psychoactive substance in cannabis – have been reported to...
Cambridge University Press eBooks
May 27, 2004
Don H. Linszen, Bart D. Peters, Lieuwe de Haan
9 citations
As detailed elsewhere in this book (Chapter 3), cannabis has been used for centuries to produce euphoria and relaxation as desired mental effects. However, adverse effects of intoxication with cannabis include anxiety and panic (Thomas, 1996; Reilly et al. , 1998), depression (Bovasso, 2001; Patton et al. , 2002: see Chapter 4), and impairment in certain domains of cognitive function (see...
Cambridge University Press eBooks
March 29, 2004
William S. Robinson
108 citations
William S. Robinson has for many years written insightfully about the mind-body problem. In Understanding Phenomenal Consciousness he focuses on sensory experience (e.g., pain, afterimages) and perception qualities such as colours, sounds and odours to present a dualistic view of the mind, called Qualitative Event Realism, that goes against the dominant materialist views. This theory is...
Cambridge University Press eBooks
2001
J. Allan Hobson, Edward F Pace-Schott, Robert Stickgold
56 citations
: Sleep researchers in different disciplines disagree about how fully dreaming can be explained in terms of brain physiology. Debate has focused on whether REM sleep dreaming is qualitatively different from nonREM (NREM) sleep and waking. A review of psychophysiological studies shows clear quantitative differences between REM and NREM mentation and between REM and waking mentation. Recent...
Cambridge University Press eBooks
September 28, 2000
Peter Carruthers
414 citations
How can phenomenal consciousness exist as an integral part of a physical universe? How can the technicolour phenomenology of our inner lives be created out of the complex neural activities of our brains? Many have despaired of finding answers to these questions; and many have claimed that human consciousness is inherently mysterious. Peter Carruthers argues, on the contrary, that the subjective...
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November 13, 1997
Julia Ching
1 citation
INTRODUCTION We are speaking of the appropriation of the sage-king paradigm by the philosophers. This appropriation became further strengthened with the evolution of the theory of Oneness of Heaven and humanity ( T'ien-jen ho-yi ). This theory is usually interpreted within a metaphysical framework. I am doing so while keeping in mind the political Mandate of Heaven, as I understand by the term...
Cambridge University Press eBooks
October 10, 1996
Norton Nelkin
In Part One, perceptions, both conscious and unconscious, were focused on. But what are, and how can there be, unconscious perceptions? For that matter, what are conscious perceptions? The notion of consciousness, like the notion of phenomena, has been far from clear. And the two notions seem to be importantly connected. Some (Searle 1989, 1990, 1992; McGinn 1988, 1989; Nagel 1979a, 1986;...
Cambridge University Press eBooks
October 10, 1996
Norton Nelkin
Two issues from the previous chapter require attention in this one. First, and perhaps most obvious about the previous chapter, was the defense of a Cartesian theory of mind. Second, and nearly as obvious, was the handwaving when it came to ⌜space⌝, ⌜time⌝, and ⌜object⌝. In this chapter, the gap on these three key concepts will be partially filled in, and in a manner consistent with a Cartesian...