Perceptual and Motor Skills
December 1980
S S Knox
The technique of passive concentration, employed by autogenic training and Transcendental Meditation for achieving relaxation, was tested here as a technique for enhancing EEG alpha. Of 30 subjects displaying between 15% and 74% alpha in their resting EEGs recruited, 10 had to be eliminated. The remaining 20 constituted two groups. One was instructed only to attempt to maintain a tone...
Perceptual and Motor Skills
June 1, 1980
Debra Warshal
Fractionated normal and Jendrassik reflex times were assessed on 14 subjects over a 6-wk. period to examine the short- and long-range effects of Transcendental Meditation on the neuromuscular system. While no significant differences in reflex times were observed pre- and posttreatment, a significant reduction in reflex times was found over sessions. Possible explanations were offered.
Perceptual and Motor Skills
June 1, 1980
D S Jones, R E Chew, N A Allman et al.
Using lateral eye-movements, the present study examined the hypothesis ,that dream recall is associated with selective activation of the right hemisphere. This hypothesis is derived from the observation that the EEG indicates a notable tendency for activation of the right hemisphere during such recall (1). No supposition is made as to the role of this hemisphere in dreaming itself (5). While...
Perceptual and Motor Skills
February 1980
A G Lintel
In Exp. I, the spontaneous GSR of seven Transcendental Meditators and seven nonmeditators was measured in a sequence of five conditions: stress (shock avoidance)--rest--meditation (meditators) or rest/eyes closed (nonmeditators)--stress (shock avoidance)--rest. In Exp. II, the spontaneous GSR of a similar group of subjects was measured in a sequence of three conditions: rest--meditation or...
Perceptual and Motor Skills
December 1, 1979
John Michael Williams
2 citations
D-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) produces distortions of visual perception and analgesia. Evidence is advanced from a functional standpoint that the observed visual effects result from an attenuation of light-evoked input to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) from the purely centripetal pathways of the retina. More slowly responding visual afferents or those with more complex...
Perceptual and Motor Skills
August 1979
J Waxman
Various reports of brain wave synchrony during Transcendental Meditation have appeared in the literature and have been interpreted as indicating a heightened state of integration of brain function. We suggest that this observed synchrony rather than indicating a greater integration of brain function might be an artifact of parts of the brain acting like a finite state machine. The finite state...
Perceptual and Motor Skills
June 1978
L D Zaichkowsky, R Kamen
A total of 48 subjects participated in a relaxation experiment to determine whether frontalis muscle EMG biofeedback, Transcendental Meditation, and meditation (Benson technique) produced decreased muscle tension and concomitant changes in locus of control. All three treatments resulted in significant decreases in frontalis muscle tension when compared to a control. Concomitant changes towards...
Perceptual and Motor Skills
April 1, 1978
L. R. T. Williams
Learning, performance and patterns of inter- and intra-individual variability of 32 experienced Transcendental Meditators were compared to those of 32 non-meditators. The data indicated that certain effects attributed to the practice of Transcendental Meditation (such as increased alertness and maintenance of attention, greater consistency and less anxiety) are not manifested in terms of...
Perceptual and Motor Skills
December 1977
M L Pagel, M G Sanders
A bibliography of 199 annotated references was compiled to aid the reader in determining the impact of marijuana on psychomotor, cognitive, and physiological factors considered pertinent to flight performance. The bibliography contains an index which categorizes the references into the following major areas: (1) reviews or overviews of issues, literature or research; (2) psychological effects...
Perceptual and Motor Skills
December 1977
T O Kvålseth
In this research were analyzed the effects of marijuana on human reaction time and on performance for motor responses involving both linear and rotary serial arm movements aimed at a target. A total of six experienced marijuana users served as subjects and three drug conditions (dose levels) were used, i.e., 0, 6.5, and 19.5-26.0 mg delta9-THC. The results showed that (a) (simple and complex)...
Perceptual and Motor Skills
October 1, 1977
M. L. Griffin, D. Foulkes
29 subjects attempted, over a period of 10 nights, to influence their dreams using techniques described in Garfield's book, Creative Dreaming (1974). A target suggestion was selected from a list of six suggestions compiled by, or for, each subject. Subjects kept daily records during the experiment both of their efforts at dream influence and of the dreams they recalled. Four judges attempted to...
Perceptual and Motor Skills
August 1, 1977
Bernhard Haller
An efficient system is described which allows the retrieval from dreams in response to certain questions. No coding is necessary, as the computer works with a large thesaurus containing all semantic relations. For each chosen question word it is possible to find automatically all dreams containing related words (synonyms, subnotions, etc.) and to print them in the output list. Four examples are...
Perceptual and Motor Skills
February 1977
C F Schaefer, C G Gunn, K M Dubowski
Information processing was tested in 12 male subjects after smoking marihuana containing 0, 10, or 20 mg. of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in three consecutive experimental sessions according to a Latin square protocol. Successful dose control was indicated both by the dose-related linear increase observed in heart rate and by preliminary assays of THC metabolites excreted in the urine....
Perceptual and Motor Skills
December 1, 1976
Kristian Holt‐hansen
51 citations
9 Ss were requested to perceive simultaneously the taste of beer and a rhythmic sound, the pitch of which could be varied. The frequencies at which Ss experienced harmony between the taste and the sound were determined. At the pitch of harmony Ss reported characteristic experiences, e.g., optimum taste of the beer, rhythmic sensations in the head, and tickling sensations in the jaws and the...
Perceptual and Motor Skills
December 1976
P Williams, A Francis, R Durham
The relationship of psychoticism, extraversion-introversion, and neuroticism to the practice of Transcendental Meditation was studied. Male meditators (n = 39) were more introverted and more neurotic than the normal population, whereas the female meditators (n = 27) had a higher mean psychoticism score. Over a 6-mo. period of meditation, the males (n = 24) became less neurotic; the degree to...
Perceptual and Motor Skills
October 1, 1976
L. R. T. Williams, B. L. Vickerman
46 college female volunteers were given 66 10-sec. trials on the pursuit rotor task in 3 practice sessions (18, 30, and 18 trials/session). After the first 18 trials, the 23 subjects who were practiced Transcendental Meditators meditated for a 20-min. period followed by a 5-min. “waking” phase prior to the performance of a further 30 trials on the rotor. A 4-min. rest was taken before resuming...
Perceptual and Motor Skills
October 1, 1976
Herbert B. Puryear, Charles Thomas Cayce, Mark A. Thurston
The effects of a new meditation technique were investigated; 159 A.R.E. members were randomly assigned either to a treatment or control group with the former learning the new technique using a home-study workbook manual and the latter continuing their customary meditational techniques. Analysis of variance (repeated measures) was used to compare group means of the scale scores yielded by two...
Perceptual and Motor Skills
August 1, 1976
L. R. T. Williams, P. G. Herbert
30 college male meditators had a 20-min. meditation followed by a 6-min. waking phase prior to 5-min. continuous practice on the pursuit rotor task. This was followed by a 4-min. rest then a further 2-min. of pursuit rotor practice. A similar group of college males who were non-meditators ( N = 30) followed the same procedures except that instead of meditating they sat quietly for the initial...
Perceptual and Motor Skills
February 1, 1976
Lawrence Casler
Although the concept of consciousness is not necessary for the behavioral scientist, it is closely related to a number of psychological concepts that are generally believed to be necessary. Consciousness may be defined as the very short-term memory of a just-completed perceptual act. It may thus be understood as a psychological consequence of psychological antecedents. The question of how brain...
Perceptual and Motor Skills
October 1, 1975
Sally Casswell
The study examined the effect of monetary incentive on the performance of five tasks after two heterogeneous groups of experienced users of cannabis and previously naive subjects had smoked placebo material and two dose levels of cannabis. The performance of the motivated subjects was compared with that of two non-motivated matched groups. Dose-related impairment was found on four of the five...
Perceptual and Motor Skills
June 1, 1975
Joel Younger, Wayne Adriance, Ralph J. Berger
37 citations
Electroencephalograms (EEGs) and DC electrooculograms (EOGs) were recorded during Transcendental Meditation periods for 8 experienced Ss. The records, scored blind showed that all but 2 Ss spent considerable portions of their meditation periods in unambiguous physiological sleep.
Perceptual and Motor Skills
December 1, 1974
Kenneth R. Pelletier
79 citations
Unpaid, normal volunteers (20 men and 20 women) were administered the autokinetic test, the embedded-figures test (EFT), and the rod-and-frame test (RFT) prior to meditation instruction. After 3 mo. of instruction in Transcendental Meditation, Ss were retested and demonstrated increased ego distance and field independence on all of the above tests. These variations in an autonomic, enduring...
Perceptual and Motor Skills
October 1, 1974
Larry A. Hjelle
81 citations
15 experienced transcendental meditators and 21 novice meditators were administered Bendig's anxiety scale, Rotter's Locus of Control scale, and Shostrom's Personal Orientation Inventory of self-actualization. As predicted, experienced meditators were significantly less anxious and more internally controlled than beginning meditators. Likewise, experienced meditators were significantly higher,...
Perceptual and Motor Skills
October 1, 1974
Don Gibbons
If the perception of one's own awareness is a subjective phenomenon, then trance-induction procedures may be devised which avoid the negative stereotypes and implicit authoritarian connotations which are inherent in the concept of hypnosis, while simultaneously facilitating responsiveness to suggestion. Previous attempts to accomplish this by modifications of the traditional hypnotic paradigm...
Perceptual and Motor Skills
April 1, 1973
Steven Starker
Voth and Mayman have reported two pervasive styles of relating to the external environment which are best measured by the autokinetic effect, and have related autokinesis to broad aspects of inner life. The concern of this study is whether autokinetic perception is a meaningful measure of inner experience and how it relates to daydreaming, dream recall, and psychological differentiation....