Stress and Health
July 18, 2026
Nicola S. Schutte, Adam J. Rock
This study consolidated the association of mindfulness with perceived stress found across studies. A meta-analysis examined the relationship between mindfulness and perceived stress in 56 samples, which included a total of 24,494 participants. The weighted effect size of r(55) = -0.40, 95% CI [-0.36, 0-44], p = 0.0001, showed that greater mindfulness was associated with less perceived stress....
Transpersonal Psychology Review
2021
Charles D. Laughlin, Adam J. Rock
Although phenomenologist Edmund Husserl’s project was not directed at transpersonal experiences, his methods are nevertheless applicable in a profound and effective way. We explore Husserl’s project and its methods for their relevance to transpersonal studies. Husserl laid out the proposition that science, including psychology, must be grounded in the study of perception, which after all is the...
Transpersonal Psychology Review
2020
Charles D. Laughlin, Adam J. Rock
This essay provides an anthropological account of a neuroepistemological account of mystical experience. We commence by outlining the various qualities of mystical experience (e.g. time-consciousness and space-consciousness distortion). Subsequently, we analyse the epistemology of mystical experience with special reference to the constructivist versus decontextualist debate. Next, we formulate...
University of Derby Online Research Archive.
February 8, 2019
Lance Storm, Adam J. Rock, Simon J. Sherwood et al.
Dream-ESP is a form of extra-sensory perception (ESP) in which a dreaming perceiver ostensibly gains information about a randomly selected target without using the normal sensory modalities or logical inference. We conducted a meta-analysis on dream-ESP studies (dating from 1966 to 2016), and found a number of significant effects indicating support for the ESP hypothesis (Storm et al., 2017)....
November 3, 2017
Lance Storm, Simon J. Sherwood, Chris A Roe et al.
In order to further our understanding about the limits of human consciousness and the dream state, we report meta-analytic results on experimental dream-ESP studies for the period 1966 to 2016. Dream-ESP can be defined as a form of extra-sensory perception (ESP) in which a dreaming perceiver ostensibly gains information about a randomly selected target without using the normal sensory...
International Journal of Transpersonal Studies
July 1, 2012
Adam J. Rock
3 citations
NA
Transpersonal Psychology Review
April 1, 2009
Adam J. Rock, Bianca Klettke
In metaphysics there exist long-standing, unresolved problems regarding causation. Indeed, rationalist and empiricist philosophers remain engaged in an intricate debate concerning the ontology of causal relations. We review rationalist and empiricist approaches to the problem of causality and formulate transpersonally orientated criticisms of each. Subsequently, we apply Tart’s notion of a...
Transpersonal Psychology Review
2009
Adam J. Rock
Previous studies have linked shamanic practices to high levels of altered personal meaning and reductions in mood disturbance. However, these studies have neglected to investigate whether the effect of shamanic stimulus conditions on mood disturbance is moderated by altered meaning. Moreover, previous research has not evaluated whether, during shamanic journeying, there exists an indirect...
Transpersonal Psychology Review
September 1, 2008
Adam J. Rock, Stanley Krippner
Previous research concerning the relationship between the shaman’s conscious experiences and the ‘spirit world’ suggests that shamans are realists in the sense that they conceptualize their multi-layered universe (e.g., upper, middle and lower world) as real, objective and independent of the perceiver. However, these studies have neglected to analyze the logical coherence of a realist...
Anthropology of Consciousness
May 1, 2008
Adam J. Rock, Jessica Wilson, Luke Johnston et al.
18 citations
ABSTRACT The subjective effects and therapeutic potential of the shamanic practice of journeying is well known. However, previous research has neglected to provide a comprehensive assessment of the subjective effects of shamanic‐like journeying techniques on non‐shamans. Shamanic‐like techniques are those that demonstrate some similarity to shamanic practices and yet deviate from what may...
International Journal of Transpersonal Studies
2008
Adam J. Rock, Stanley Krippner
6 citations
Attempts to elucidate the kinds of "thing" or "things" to which the term shamanic journeying image is referentially linked must grapple with two related questions: what is the fundamental nature of shamanic journeying images, and how might the origin of a shamanic journeying image be found? The first question is ontological, concerned with the nature and essence of shamanic journeying images....
International Journal of Transpersonal Studies
2007
Adam J. Rock, Stanley Krippner
37 citations
Block (2002) has argued that the multiplicity of meanings ascribed to consciousness is due\nto the erroneous treatment of very different concepts as a single concept. Block distinguished\nfour notions of consciousness intended to encapsulate the various meanings attributed to\nthe term: phenomenal, access, self, and monitoring consciousness. We argue that what is\ncommon to all of these...
Anthropology of Consciousness
March 1, 2006
Adam J. Rock, Paul J. Casey Rock, Peter B. Baynes
This study develops the methodological framework advanced in Rock, Baynes, and Casey's (2005) experimental study of ostensibly shamanic journeying imagery in naïve participants. Specifically, the present study experimentally investigates the impact of the word landscape, featured in Harner's (1990) shamanic journeying to the Lower World instructions, on the number of landscape‐related images...
International Journal of Transpersonal Studies
2006
Adam J. Rock
16 citations
This study explored ostensibly shamanic journeying imagery by (a) assessing visual images across induction techniques (i.e., sonic driving, Ganzfeld, relaxation, and sitting with eyes open); (b) determining combination( s) of induction technique and instructions most associated with religious imagery; and (c) investigating the origins of visual imagery. Six participants were randomly assigned...