Response to Howard (2018): Comments on ‘A Meta-Reanalysis of Dream-ESP Studies’
University of Derby Online Research Archive. February 8, 2019 Lance Storm, Adam J. Rock, Simon J. Sherwood et al.
Dream-ESP is a form of extrasensory perception in which a sleeping person supposedly gains information about a randomly selected target without using normal senses or logic. A meta-analysis of studies from 1966 to 2016 found significant effects supporting the ESP hypothesis. A critique by Howard (2018) reported much weaker effects after re-analyzing the data using inverse-variance weights. While Howard replicated some findings, other results are disputed. The authors discuss meta-analytic methods, including publication bias and handling outliers, and present re-analyses challenging some of Howard's conclusions.