On the correspondence between dream content and target material under laboratory conditions: A meta-analysis of dream-ESP studies, 1966-2016.
November 3, 2017 L. Storm, S. Sherwood, Chris A Roe et al.
A meta-analysis of 50 experimental dream-ESP studies from 1966 to 2016 found that dream content can be used to correctly identify target materials more often than chance. The overall effect size was small (0.20), and the combined result was statistically significant. Studies from the Maimonides Dream Lab showed a larger average effect (0.33) than independent studies (0.14), but this difference was not significant. No significant differences emerged between types of ESP, presence of senders, perceiver characteristics, or REM/non-REM monitoring. Effect sizes did not improve with study quality and declined over the 51-year period. The authors conclude the paradigm warrants continued investigation with design improvements.