Journal of Analytical Toxicology
January 1, 2017
Adrian Stoller, Patrick C. Dolder, Michael Bodmer et al.
19 citations
A 19-year-old male was admitted to the emergency department with severe hallucinations, dilated pupils, rapid heart rate, agitation, and confusion after using a substance sold as 2C-B. Laboratory analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry detected the more potent synthetic phenethylamine derivative 2C-P instead. Based on two blood samples, the estimated elimination half-life was 19 hours. The case illustrates how small structural variations in the 4 position of the phenyl ring, such as a propyl group in 2C-P versus bromine in 2C-B, can lead to significant differences in drug potency and duration of action, contributing to adverse effects.
Frontiers in Pharmacology
July 6, 2018
Elizabeth B. de Sousa Fernandes Perna, Eef L. Theunissen, Patrick C. Dolder et al.
18 citations
A single 100 mg dose of 4-fluoroamphetamine (4-FA), a phenethylamine novel psychoactive substance, produced strong elevation in blood pressure for 4-5 hours followed by sustained increased heart rate in healthy volunteers. Effects on mood and neurocognitive function peaked at 1 hour, including significant elevations of vigor, friendliness, elation, arousal, and positive mood, along with improvements in attention and motor performance. Negative affect also increased during the acute and subacute phases. The 150 mg dose was canceled after an interim safety review. The findings confirm clinical observations of acute toxicity and warrant warnings about health risks.
Translational Psychiatry
September 4, 2024
Patrick Vizeli, Erich Studerus, Friederike Holze et al.
15 citations
LSD dose is the strongest predictor of the drug's subjective and autonomic effects, but non-pharmacological factors also play a significant role. Pre-drug mood states—such as well-being, emotional excitability, and anxiety—predict subjective effects, heart rate, and body temperature. The personality trait openness to experiences correlates with stronger mystical-type effects and oceanic boundlessness. Prior hallucinogen use is linked to less anxious ego dissolution and a less intense overall altered state. Acute anxiety relates negatively to the functionality of the Cytochrome 2D6 enzyme. Sex and body weight do not significantly influence the drug experience.
Drug Science Policy and Law
January 1, 2020
Natasha L. Mason, Patrick C. Dolder, Kim P. C. Kuypers
15 citations
Psychedelics like LSD and psilocybin are most often used at home, while MDMA is more common at parties or festivals. Most people take these substances when already in a positive mood, and their mood stays positive or shifts to positive afterward. Individuals with low psychological well-being are more likely to experience a positive mood change after using LSD, psilocybin, or MDMA compared to those with normal well-being. Higher neuroticism scores are linked to both a greater likelihood of positive mood change and a greater likelihood of negative side effects. The findings suggest that psychedelic use can yield positive outcomes even in people with lower well-being and higher neuroticism.
Psychopharmacology
May 31, 2018
Kim P. C. Kuypers, E. B. de Sousa Fernandes Perna, Patrick C. Dolder et al.
14 citations
A single 100 mg dose of the new psychoactive substance 4-fluoroamphetamine (4-FA) increased self-reported drug liking, wanting, and good drug effect one hour after administration in 12 healthy poly-drug users, but these effects were absent 11 hours later. Impulsive behavior was not affected by 4-FA. The increase in liking and wanting suggests a potential for abuse, but the lack of effect on impulsivity and the small sample size limit the conclusions.
Frontiers in Pharmacology
June 28, 2017
Patrick C. Dolder, Edna Grünblatt, Felix Müller et al.
12 citations
A single 100 μg dose of LSD did not change the expression of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor gene (HTR2A) or the early growth response genes EGR1, EGR2, and EGR3 in the whole blood of 15 healthy subjects, measured 1.5 and 24 hours after administration. This null finding contrasts with rodent studies showing that LSD acutely increases EGR1 and EGR2 expression in the brain and that repeated use reduces 5-HT2A receptor binding. Whether chronic LSD administration alters gene expression in humans remains unknown.
August 24, 2016
Patrick C. Dolder
12 citations
LSD increases feelings of happiness, trust, and closeness to others, enhances explicit and implicit emotional empathy, and impairs recognition of sad and fearful faces. It also strengthens the desire to be with others and increases prosocial behavior. These effects on emotional processing and sociality may support LSD-assisted psychotherapy for anxiety in life-threatening illness.
Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental
October 25, 2018
Patrick C. Dolder, Elizabeth B. de Sousa Fernandes Perna, Natasha L. Mason et al.
6 citations
4-Fluoroamphetamine (4-FA), a novel psychoactive substance with effects between MDMA and amphetamine, reduced cognitive empathy while leaving emotional empathy unaffected in healthy poly-drug users. Plasma oxytocin levels increased one hour after a 100 mg dose compared with placebo, but this hormonal change was unrelated to the behavioral effects on empathy. The findings indicate that 4-FA affects empathy differently from MDMA and amphetamine, and confirm that drug-induced changes in peripheral oxytocin are not associated with empathy.
edoc (University of Basel)
January 1, 2017
Patrick C. Dolder
1 citation
A doctoral thesis combined two research strands: developing LC-MS/MS methods to measure LSD and its metabolites in plasma, serum, and urine, and conducting clinical phase I trials to investigate the acute psychological and physiological effects of LSD in healthy humans. The analytical work established the pharmacokinetics of LSD and collected data from emergency toxicological cases. One LSD study included fMRI to examine neural correlates of altered states of consciousness and emotion processing under LSD.