The Spanish versions of the Toronto Mindfulness Scale (TMS) and the State Mindfulness Scale (SMS) show adequate reliability and validity for measuring state mindfulness, though the SMS specific factors have poor reliability when controlling for the general factor. Data from six non-clinical Spanish samples (TMS n=119, SMS n=223) were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis. The best-fitting model for the TMS was a correlated two-factor structure (curiosity and decentering). For the SMS, a bifactor structure (general factor, mindfulness of body, and mindfulness of mind) fit best. Both scales detected changes in state mindfulness after meditation practices. The patterns of correlations with measures of trait mindfulness, decentering, non-attachment, depression, anxiety, stress, affect, self-criticism, and self-reassurance were mostly as expected.
A 7-week mindfulness-based intervention called 'Mindfulness to Promote Police Well-being' was tested with 61 trainee inspectors at the National Police Academy in Spain. Participants found the program logical, satisfactory, and useful. One cohort showed significant improvements in mental well-being, trait mindfulness, body awareness, general distress, and emotion regulation, with medium-to-large effects. Changes in well-being and distress were linked to changes in mindfulness, body awareness, and emotion regulation. The second cohort showed no significant changes, likely due to contextual differences. The study suggests that integrating mindfulness training into police academy infrastructure may be feasible and acceptable.
Spanish versions of three psychological scales—the Quiet Ego Scale (QES), the Nondual Awareness Dimensional Assessment (NADA), and the Ontological Addiction Scale (OAS‑24)—showed good reliability and validity in a sample of 242 Spanish adults. The QES and NADA fit a bifactor structure, while the OAS‑24 fit a one-factor structure. Scores were comparable across genders and meditation experience. Women scored higher on the QES, but no gender differences appeared for the NADA or OAS‑24. Meditators reported higher QES and NADA scores and lower OAS‑24 scores than non-meditators. Low-ego individuals were more likely to meditate and had accumulated more lifetime practice. An optimal threshold of 376 lifetime meditation hours discriminated low- from high-ego profiles.