A Spanish version of the Lucidity and Consciousness in Dreams scale (LuCiD) was validated in 367 Spanish adults, 40.3% of whom had meditation experience. The scale’s original eight-factor structure (insight, control, thought, realism, memory, dissociation, negative emotion, positive emotion) was confirmed, with adequate internal consistency and test-retest reliability after removing one poorly performing item. Meditators scored higher on the insight and dissociation factors than non-meditators. The mindfulness facet of observing was positively linked to most LuCiD factors, while acting with awareness correlated negatively with realism. Positive and negative affect corresponded to the respective LuCiD emotion factors. The scale provides a reliable tool for measuring dream lucidity and consciousness in Spanish populations, and the results suggest connections between meditation experience, mindfulness traits, and dream characteristics.
A pilot randomized controlled trial compared a standard mindfulness-based programme (MBP), the same programme enhanced with virtual reality (MBP+VR), and a relaxation control condition in 51 non-clinical adults. All three conditions significantly reduced psychological distress. MBP+VR was more acceptable than relaxation and equally acceptable as MBP alone. MBP+VR outperformed relaxation in reducing psychological distress with a large effect. MBP alone produced greater improvements in depressive symptoms, positive affect, and several facets of mindfulness and self-compassion. MBP+VR improved total mindfulness, the observing facet, and the self-compassion mindfulness subscale. Participants in MBP+VR also showed improvements in state mindfulness and emotional states across VR sessions, reporting an intermediate sense of presence. The authors conclude that further research is warranted.