Cell Reports
August 1, 2026
Rui Dai, Hyunwoo Jang, A. Hudetz et al.
Understanding the relationship of conscious states to large-scale brain dynamics remains a central challenge in neuroscience. Here, diverse pharmacological and physiological perturbations-including psychedelics, sleep, and propofol sedation-are used to examine integration-segregation organization of brain networks across altered states of consciousness in humans using functional MRI. Across...
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
June 1, 2026
Panagiotis Fotiadis, Hyunwoo Jang, Rui Dai et al.
Brain waves are ubiquitous phenomena of human brain activity. As they propagate, they coordinate neural communication, shaping conscious perception. Understanding how brain waves unfold across space and time is thus critical for uncovering the neural mechanisms that support and suppress consciousness. Here, we analyzed data from the Human Connectome Project alongside multiple independent human...
Scientific Data
January 9, 2026
Zirui Huang, Vijay Tarnal, Panagiotis Fotiadis et al.
Anesthesia has revolutionized surgical practice and offers a controlled model to study the neurobiology of consciousness. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have shown that anesthesia primarily disrupts connectivity across association cortices, suggesting that impaired integration between higher-order brain regions underlies unconsciousness. However, traditional fMRI paradigms...
Nature Communications
October 24, 2024
Hyunwoo Jang, George A. Mashour, Anthony G. Hudetz et al.
Consciousness requires a dynamic balance of integration and segregation in brain networks. We report an fMRI-based metric, the integration-segregation difference (ISD), which captures two key network properties: network efficiency (integration) and clustering (segregation). With this metric, we quantify brain state transitions from conscious wakefulness to unresponsiveness induced by the...
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
October 23, 2024
Rui Dai, Hyunwoo Jang, Anthony G. Hudetz et al.
1 citation
preprint
Understanding neural mechanisms of consciousness remains a challenging question in neuroscience. A central debate in the field concerns whether consciousness arises from global interactions that involve multiple brain regions or focal neural activity, such as in sensory cortex. Additionally, global theories diverge between the Global Neuronal Workspace (GNW) hypothesis, which emphasizes frontal...
Brain Sciences
August 30, 2024
Hyunwoo Jang, Rui Dai, George A. Mashour et al.
Accurate and generalizable classification of brain states is essential for understanding their neural underpinnings and improving clinical diagnostics. Traditionally, functional connectivity patterns and graph-theoretic metrics have been utilized. However, cortical gradient features, which reflect global brain organization, offer a complementary approach. We hypothesized that a machine learning...
bioRxiv
April 15, 2024
Hyunwoo Jang, George A. Mashour, Anthony G. Hudetz et al.
preprint
Consciousness requires a dynamic balance of integration and segregation in functional brain networks. An optimal integration-segregation balance depends on two key aspects of functional connectivity: global efficiency (i.e., integration) and clustering (i.e., segregation). We developed a new fMRI-based measure, termed the integration-segregation difference (ISD), which captures both aspects. We...
Rui Dai, Hyunwoo Jang, Anthony G. Hudetz et al.
Understanding the relationship of conscious states to large-scale brain dynamics remains a central challenge in neuroscience. Here, diverse pharmacological and physiological perturbations, including psychedelic states, sleep, and propofol sedation, were used to examine integration-segregation organization of brain networks across altered states of consciousness in humans using functional MRI....