Toxicology Reports
June 1, 2025
Eva Gil-Martins, Daniel José Barbosa, Fernanda Borges et al.
2 citations
Drug use represents a prevalent and multifaceted societal problem, with profound implications for public health, social welfare, and economic stability. To circumvent strict international drug control regulations, there is a growing trend in the development and market introduction of novel psychoactive substances (NPS), encompassing a wide range of compounds with psychoactive properties. This...
Chemico-Biological Interactions
April 25, 2025
Eva Gil-Martins, Fernando Cagide, Ana Borer et al.
4 citations
New psychoactive substances (NPS) are designed to evade legal regulation while mimicking the effects of classic illicit drugs such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). This category includes phenethylamine derivatives, such as the psychedelic 2C and NBOMe drugs. Given the lack of data regarding the toxicological profile of these substances, the goal of this study was to evaluate the...
Int J Mol Sci
March 26, 2025
Eva Gil-Martins, Daniel José Barbosa, Fernando Cagide et al.
Sublethal Concentrations of 2C-I and 25I-NBOMe Designer Drugs Impact Caenorhabditis elegans Development and Reproductive Behavior.
Journal of Xenobiotics
June 5, 2024
Eva Gil-Martins, Fernando Cagide-Fagín, Daniel Martins et al.
2 citations
Substituted phenethylamines including 2C (2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamines) and NBOMe (N-(2-methoxybenzyl)phenethylamines) drugs are potent psychoactive substances with little to no knowledge available on their toxicity. In the present in vitro study, we explored the mechanisms underlying the neurotoxicity of six substituted phenethylamines: 2C-T-2, 2C-T-4, 2C-T-7 and their corresponding NBOMes....
Applied Sciences Switzerland
February 1, 2024
Daniel Martins, Carlos Fernandes, Ricardo F. Mendes et al.
The increasing interest in utilizing psychedelics for therapeutic purposes demands the development of tools capable of efficiently monitoring and accurately identifying these substances, thereby supporting medical interventions. 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B) has gained significant popularity as one of the most widely used psychedelic compounds in non-medical settings. In this...
Pharmaceuticals
August 15, 2023
Daniel Martins, Eva Gil-Martins, Fernando Cagide et al.
13 citations
Mescaline derivative (2C phenethylamines) drugs have been modified by the introduction of a N-2-methoxybenzyl group to originate a new series of compounds with recognized and potent psychedelic effects, the NBOMe-drugs. Although they are prevalent in unregulated drug markets, their toxicity profile is still poorly understood, despite several reports highlighting cases of acute intoxication,...
Chemical Research in Toxicology
April 27, 2004
Márcia Carvalho, Fernando Remião, Nuno Milhazes et al.
77 citations
Cardiovascular complications associated with 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) abuse have increasingly been reported. The indirect effect of MDMA mediated by a sustained high level of circulating biogenic amines may contribute to the cardiotoxic effects, but other factors, like the direct toxic effects of MDMA and its metabolites in cardiac cells, remain to be investigated....