Toxicology Reports
June 1, 2025
Eva Gil-Martins, Daniel José Barbosa, Fernanda Borges et al.
2 citations
Drug use represents a prevalent and multifaceted societal problem, with profound implications for public health, social welfare, and economic stability. To circumvent strict international drug control regulations, there is a growing trend in the development and market introduction of novel psychoactive substances (NPS), encompassing a wide range of compounds with psychoactive properties. This...
Chemico-Biological Interactions
April 25, 2025
Eva Gil-Martins, Fernando Cagide, Ana Borer et al.
4 citations
New psychoactive substances (NPS) are designed to evade legal regulation while mimicking the effects of classic illicit drugs such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). This category includes phenethylamine derivatives, such as the psychedelic 2C and NBOMe drugs. Given the lack of data regarding the toxicological profile of these substances, the goal of this study was to evaluate the...
Int J Mol Sci
March 26, 2025
Eva Gil-Martins, Daniel José Barbosa, Fernando Cagide et al.
Sublethal Concentrations of 2C-I and 25I-NBOMe Designer Drugs Impact Caenorhabditis elegans Development and Reproductive Behavior.
Journal of Xenobiotics
June 5, 2024
Eva Gil-Martins, Fernando Cagide-Fagín, Daniel Martins et al.
2 citations
Substituted phenethylamines including 2C (2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamines) and NBOMe (N-(2-methoxybenzyl)phenethylamines) drugs are potent psychoactive substances with little to no knowledge available on their toxicity. In the present in vitro study, we explored the mechanisms underlying the neurotoxicity of six substituted phenethylamines: 2C-T-2, 2C-T-4, 2C-T-7 and their corresponding NBOMes....
Pharmaceuticals
August 15, 2023
Daniel Martins, Eva Gil-Martins, Fernando Cagide et al.
13 citations
Mescaline derivative (2C phenethylamines) drugs have been modified by the introduction of a N-2-methoxybenzyl group to originate a new series of compounds with recognized and potent psychedelic effects, the NBOMe-drugs. Although they are prevalent in unregulated drug markets, their toxicity profile is still poorly understood, despite several reports highlighting cases of acute intoxication,...
British Journal of Pharmacology
April 21, 2011
Daniel José Barbosa, João Paulo Capela, Jorge M.A. Oliveira et al.
60 citations
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or 'Ecstasy') is a worldwide major drug of abuse known to elicit neurotoxic effects. The mechanisms underlying the neurotoxic effects of MDMA are not clear at present, but the metabolism of dopamine and 5-HT by monoamine oxidase (MAO), as well as the hepatic biotransformation of MDMA into pro-oxidant reactive metabolites is thought...