3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), commonly referred to as Ecstasy, is a widely abused, psychoactive recreational drug, which induces short- and long-term neuropsychiatric behaviors. This drug is neurotoxic to serotonergic neurons in vivo, and induces programmed cell death in cultured human serotonergic cells and rat neocortical neurons. Over the years it has been shown that MDMA alters...
Depersonalisation disorder is characterised by prominent depersonalisation and often derealisation, without clinically notable memory or identity disturbances. The disorder has an approximately 1 : 1 gender ratio with onset at around 16 years of age. The course of the disorder is typically long term and often continuous. Mood, anxiety and personality disorders are often comorbid with...
De quoi s'agit-il ?De trois substances, de trois drogues synthétiques interdites au coeur du discours sur les fêtes technos, et de leur persécution par les pouvoirs en place, mais trois substances vieilles comme le monde, trois substances magiques… Trip, « voyage », le diéthylamide de l'acide lysergique, le LSD-25, 25°c omposé synthétisé en 1943 par Albert Hofmann 1 , à partir de dérivés de...
<i>Ayahuasca,</i> a South American psychotropic plant tea obtained from <i>Banisteriopsis caapi</i> and <i>Psychotria viridis</i>, combines monoamine oxidase-inhibiting β-carboline alkaloids with N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), a psychedelic agent showing 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> agonist activity. In a clinical research setting, <i>ayahuasca</i> has demonstrated a combined stimulatory and psychedelic...
El incremento del consumo de éxtasis (MDMA) por parte de los jóvenes ha obligado al estudio de efectos a corto y medio plazo sobre el SNC. En la última década, se demostró la existencia de neurotoxicidad serotoninérgica en el SNC. Recientemente aparecieron estudios tendentes a demostrar también daño dopaminérgico que se ha evidenciado en experimentación animal. Las diferentes técnicas de...
Objetivo: realizar una revisión del LSD y otros alucinógenos desde un punto de vista histórico-cultural, farmacológico y de consecuencias clínicas, especialmente psiquiátricas. Resultados: datos aportados por el PNSD ponen de manifiesto que más del 2% de la población española reconoce haber consumido esta sustancia, que ejerce su acción a través de los sistemas de neurotransmisión...
Administration of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) to rats produces serotonergic nerve terminal degeneration. However, they are not neurotoxic when injected directly into the brain, suggesting the requirement for peripheral metabolism of MDMA to a neurotoxic metabolite. Alpha-methyldopamine (alpha-MeDA) is a major metabolite of MDA. There are...
Most neuropharmacological agents and many drugs of abuse modulate the activity of heptahelical G-protein-coupled receptors. Although the effects of these ligands result from changes in cellular signaling, their neurobehavioral activity may not correlate with results of in vitro signal transduction assays. 5-Hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) partial agonists that have similar...
The amphetamine derivative (+/-)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) is a popular recreational drug among young people, particularly those involved in the dance culture. MDMA produces an acute, rapid enhancement in the release of both serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine from nerve endings in the brains of experimental animals. It produces increased locomotor activity and the serotonin...
Repeated exposure to psychostimulants such as cocaine and amphetamines results in behavioral sensitization, a paradigm thought to be relevant to drug craving and addiction in humans. We have previously shown that the induction, expression, and maintenance of psychomotor sensitization to cocaine, methamphetamine, and methylphenidate (indirect dopamine agonists) are blocked by co-administration...