The effects of several indoleamines and phenethylamines were studied in the chronic spinal dog and compared with two standard drugs, LSD and amphetamine. In the nontolerant chronic spinal dog, their effects on a variety of physiologic and behavioral functions were measured in untreated dogs, as well as dogs treated with certain antagonists. The effects of the antagonists phenoxybenzamine and...
In the course of examining the complete dose-response relationship for the behavioral effects of LSD in the cat, we discovered that, in addition to large increases in investigatory and hallucinatory-like responses, two behaviors, not previously reported, are emitted with a high probability under LSD. Beginning from a baseline of essentially zero in saline-treated animals, limb flicks and...
The dopaminergic actions of various hallucinogenic drugs were assessed by examining their effects on turning behavior in rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the nigro-striatal pathway. LSD (0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg) produced strong contralateral turning, indicating that it is a potent dopamine receptor agonist, while BOL (5 mg/kg), a non-hallucinogenic congener of LSD, was found to be a...
A general synthetic method of 4-substituted indoles was examined.The Fischer indolization of phenylhydrazones (2, 3, 7, and 8) having chlorine on & position gave 7-chloro-4-substituted indoles (4, 9, and lo), which were converted to 4-substituted indoles (5 and 13) by catalytic hydrogenation.Cyclization of 3-(2-ethoxy~arbonyl-7-chloroindol-4-yl)propionic acid (10) with polyphosphoric acid (PPA)...
Over the years there have been many reviews of the phenomenology of hallucinogens and schizophrenia. The vast majority of these have been written by scientists who interviewed research subjects and subsequently extracted and summarized the experiences of these subjects. Comparisons of schizophrenia with drug-induced experiences have proven useful in directing further research aimed at...
The classical conditioning potential of several drugs was tested in rats by pairing a light CS with the drug UCSs; these stimuli were superimposed in a variable-interval 30 sec schedule for water reinforcement. Conditioning (suppression of bar-pressing in the presence of the CS) was definitely demonstrated with psilocybin (2.0 mg/kg), was suggested but not clearly shown with LSD (0.13 MG/kg),...
Investigations were carried out on the interactions of the hallucinogenic drug, D-lysergic acid diethylamide (D-LSD), and other serotonin antagonists with catecholamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase systems in cell-free preparations from different regions of rat brain. In equimolar concentration, D-LSD, 2-brono-D-lysergic acid diethylamide (BOL), or methysergide (UML) strongly blocked maximal...
Room temperature fluorometric and low-temperature phosphorimetric analytical curves of hallucinogens in methanol/water solution have been prepared to demonstrate the absence of interference in common binary mixtures of hallucinogenic drugs. Limits of detection and linear dynamic ranges have been determined for drugs in mixtures. Mixtures containing LSD and another hallucinogen such as STP...
Eight "stable" and four "variable" college-age subjects were given 160μg/kg psilocybin under conditions of sensory attenuation. Stability was defined by the magnitude of the standard deviation on handwriting area under predrug conditions. Only the variable subjects, our large-standard deviants, responded to the drug with a significant decrease in mean pulse rate and increase in handwriting...
Thin-layer chromatography confirmed the presence of psilocybin in Psilocybe semilanceata and P. coprinifacies collected in Czechoslovakia. In P. semilanceata , this is the first proof of psilocybin in native fruit bodies. For P. coprinifacies , it is a new finding. The concentration of psychotropic compounds was species-specific and stable. Psilocin was not definitively detected.