This study explores the use of immersive Virtual Reality (VR) cave environments to investigate hypotheses concerning altered states of consciousness, creativity, and flexible thinking in archaeological contexts. Building on the premise that ancient humans used caves as sites for rituals involving altered consciousness, we recreated a virtual cave environment to simulate these experiences and...
N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is a fast-acting psychedelic drug that induces a radical reorganisation of conscious contents and brain dynamics. However, our understanding of how brain dynamics support psychedelic-induced conscious states remains unclear. We therefore present a repeated-measures dose-dependent study of the subjective and neural dynamics induced through DMT under naturalistic...
The moral status of human brain organoids (HBOs) has been debated in view of the future possibility that they may acquire phenomenal consciousness. This study empirically investigates the moral sensitivity in people's intuitive judgments about actions toward conscious HBOs. The results showed that the presence/absence of pain experience in HBOs affected the judgment about the moral...
Abstract In this chapter, the authors synthesize the relational developmental perspective of attachment theory with a neuroscientific model: the RElaxed Beliefs Under pSychedelics (REBUS). This synthesis, the authors argue, can serve as an organizing framework for psychedelic science. Attachment theory posits that people develop internal working models (IWMs) of relational experiences with...
“Sacred space” was a central concept of the phenomenology of religion, a strand in Religious Studies that has been the target of severe methodological criticism. The achievements and shortcomings of the phenomenological approach will be discussed in a balanced way; Michel Foucault’s concept of heterotopia will be considered as an alternative to “sacred space” or as an umbrella term; the modern...
This paper is an approach to the spiritual experience of the Beguine teachers Mechthild of Magdeburg and Marguerite Porete, from the systematic approach of Spiritual Theology proposed by Jesús Manuel García Gutiérrez. In this reflective exercise, we go through three moments: historical-phenomenological, hermeneutical-theological and practical-mystagogical. The purpose of this research is to...
Yang Shi initiated the Neo-Confucian methodology of self-cultivation centered on quiet-sitting, and focusing on Yang Shi may shift the study of Confucian quiet-sitting to a more chronologically appropriate “beginning-forward” approach. Incorporating techniques such as breathing and calming the mind, Yang’s approach to self-cultivation follows a model of returning to the state of centrality...
It is proposed that the term ‘psychedelics’, used for a certain class of psychoactive substances, be replaced by our new term 'psychosomadelics'. In our view, this step is necessary because the term 'psychedelics' is psychocentric (i.e. focusing primarily on the effects on the mind) and therefore neglects the somatic (bodily) effects of these substances. This is of particular importance as...
Information theory, introduced by Shannon, has been extremely successful and influential as a mathematical theory of communication. Shannon's notion of information does not consider the meaning of the messages being communicated but only their probability. Even so, computational approaches regularly appeal to "information processing" to study how meaning is encoded and decoded in natural and...
ABSTRACT The diverse nature of religious and spiritual experiences (RSEs) eludes easy comparison or conceptualization. Here we explore the phenomenological, situational and conceptual principles that connect eighty-two diverse RSE reports from the Hardy Database (https://alisterhardytrust.uwtsd.ac.uk/). We tentatively suggest that in addition to being unexpectedly significant and imbued with...