Applied Sciences
February 13, 2026
Miłosz Badach, Jakub Kleinrok, Weronika Pająk et al.
Mushroom-related intoxications pose a distinctive challenge for forensic medicine because early manifestations are non-specific, latency may be prolonged, and co-exposures can obscure the mechanism of death. This narrative review summarizes key toxic and psychoactive fungi and their principal compounds, spanning organ-toxic syndromes (amatoxins, orellanine) and functional neuropsychiatric...
Applied Sciences
January 27, 2026
Francisco J. Esteban, Eva Vargas, José A. Langa et al.
Understanding consciousness requires bridging theoretical models and clinically measurable brain dynamics. This review integrates three complementary frameworks that converge on a dynamical view of conscious processing: continuous formulations of Integrated Information Theory (IIT), attractor-landscape modeling of brain-state transitions, and perturbational complexity metrics from transcranial...
Applied Sciences
December 8, 2025
E. Kostić, A. Catić-Đorđević, Ivana Nešić et al.
The application of Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) principles in method development aims to reduce waste and replace hazardous solvents with environmentally friendly alternatives. Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADESs) have recently emerged as sustainable replacements for traditional organic solvents. In this study, hydrophobic NADESs were used in dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction...
Applied Sciences
December 19, 2024
Nicola De Pisapia, Gabriele Penazzi, Ignacio Ibarra et al.
2 citations
This study explores the use of immersive Virtual Reality (VR) cave environments to investigate hypotheses concerning altered states of consciousness, creativity, and flexible thinking in archaeological contexts. Building on the premise that ancient humans used caves as sites for rituals involving altered consciousness, we recreated a virtual cave environment to simulate these experiences and...
Applied Sciences
September 2, 2023
Valeria Viera-Escareño, Eugenio Pérez-Molphe Balch, Yenny Adriana Gómez-Aguirre et al.
2 citations
One of the distinctive characteristics of cacti species is the presence of alkaloids. Alkaloids are nitrogenated molecules with hallucinogenic and pharmacological properties in humans and other animals. Plant cell, tissue, and organ culture have emerged as an effective tool for investigating the biosynthesis of a variety of functional metabolites and for studying the preservation of endangered...
Applied Sciences
February 25, 2023
Jelica Džodić, Dejan Milenković, Milica Marković et al.
27 citations
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and its analogs are commonly encountered substances at crime scenes due to their misuse as hallucinogenic compounds. Modern methods have led to synthesizing different LSD analogs with pronounced physiological effects. Theoretical methods can be a valuable tool for predicting the spectra and stability of novel substances, especially when experimental data are...
Applied Sciences
October 17, 2022
Mónica López-Martín, Álvaro Astasio-Picado, Jesús Jurado‐Palomo et al.
1 citation
Introduction: Psychotic disorders are a mental illness that affect 3% of the world’s population. The external (cannabis) and internal vulnerability factors (polymorphisms of the AKT1 gene, the COMT gene and the DAT1 gene) acquire special relevance in the appearance of psychosis; this is known as the vulnerability–stress model. Objective: To analyze the scientific evidence that reflects the...
Applied Sciences
June 22, 2018
Bo-Hong Chen, Ju-Tsung Liu, Hung-Ming Chen et al.
10 citations
Characteristic mass fragmentation of 20 phenethylamine/tryptamine standards were investigated and compared by means of matrix assisted laser desorption/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI/TOFM), gas chromatography–electron ionization–mass spectrometry (GC-EI/MS) and liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS) methods. As a result, three characteristic peaks...