Dream characters, the figures we interact with during sleep, exhibit structural parallels to AI systems: both are substrate-generated, display apparent autonomy, lack continuity, and present an irresolvable question regarding inner experience. I argue that our inability to determine whether dream characters possess phenomenal experience should function as a decisive check on claims, affirmative...
This review provides a systematic critique of the debate between two paradigms in the philosophy of mind—the Naturalist–Externalist Research Program (NERP) and the Phenomenal Intentionality Research Program (PIRP)—with particular focus on Uriah Kriegel’s reconciliation project. Following Kriegel’s view, attention is given to rational agents’ awareness of their mental states—a key issue since...
This research explores the question of consciousness in Artificial Intelligence (AI) by comparing the properties required for human consciousness with those found in current AI systems, through an interdisciplinary integrative review involving computational functionalism, neuroscience, and phenomenology. The following properties for the emergence of human consciousness are discussed: attention,...
This study investigates links between synesthesia and lucid dreaming via perceptual presence and counterfactual-richness (abundant possible sensorimotor contingencies). We hypothesized that synesthetes would report more frequent lucid dreams because enhanced counterfactual-richness facilitates dream control and clarity. We surveyed 616 adults using a synesthesia self-report, the Lucidity and...
The unanticipated occurrence of unusually enhanced mental clarity just before death has been reported across time and cultures and has come to be known by the term “terminal lucidity.” Cases that appear to be characteristic of terminal lucidity in children have been sporadically documented in historical and more recent literature, yet no studies have systematically examined the characteristics...
Abstract Sāṅkhya philosophy is one of the oldest and most systematic attempts in Indian thought to explain reality in a logical way using metaphysical dualism. The main idea behind this is the difference between Puruṣa, which stands for the principle of pure consciousness, and Prakṛti, which stands for the unconscious material substrate of the universe. The existence of Puruṣa is not merely...
Aidan Lyonin Psychedelic Experience on systemaattinen tutkimus, jossa yhdistetään analyyttista filosofiaa kognitiotieteellisen tutkimukseen ja esitetään uudenlainen, käsitteellisesti tarkka ja empiirisesti uskottava teoria psykedeelisten kokemusten luonteesta. Lyon osoittaa, että tällaiset kokemukset eivät ole pelkästään psykedeeleiksi kutsuttujen yhdisteiden vaikutuksia, vaan psykedeelisyys...
Psychedelic-assisted therapies (PATs) can produce rapid and sustained antidepressant effects, yet variability in response remains substantial. Identifying predictors and moderators is essential for optimising patient selection, preparation, and delivery. To map and synthesise the evidence on the predictors of antidepressant response to classic/serotonergic psychedelics administered with...
Introduction: Sexual hallucinations have lifetime prevalence rates of 0.4% in the general population and up to 44% in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. For borderline personality disorder (BPD) these rates are unknown. We therefore studied prevalence rates of sexual hallucinations and delusions in this group, as well as their phenomenological characteristics and their connection with childhood...
In Sufism, the pursuit of Truth requires more than just cognition, demanding an embodied, reciprocal engagement with the world. Perception is seen as a social practice shaped by interactions and heightened self- and other-awareness, with aesthetic perception playing a crucial role in Sufi practices. Using phenomenological and constructivist approaches, this study investigates how subjective...