The purpose of this research is to find out whether plants species have mind and consciousness, or whether plants have conscious awareness of themselves and their environment comparable to the human mind and consciousness. To begin with, this Paper has hypothesized that plants, animals, and human beings meet certain natural challenges that compel them to develop attributes and capabilities...
: In this article, we consider the relationship between the brain and the immune system in the context of the Orchestrated Objective Reduction (Orch OR) theory of consciousness. Orch OR is a theory that postulates that consciousness arises from quantum computations occurring inside microtubules. The immune system is capable of acquiring, learning, and remembering information, thus showing all...
Classified by the Convention on Psychotropic Substances, coordinated by the United Nations (UN) in 1971, as dangerous substances with no real therapeutic value, psychedelics have been prohibited since that date in the United States and most European countries. However, over the last two decades there has been a resurgence of interest in them – so much so that some researchers are talking about...
The article deals with the problem of the explanatory gap between the physical processes of the brain and subjective consciousness, known as the "difficult problem of con-sciousness". The main philosophical and scientific approaches to understanding the nature of consciousness, such as neuroscience, functionalism, phenomenology and panpsychism, are in-vestigated. Special attention is paid to...
AbstractPeter Sjöstedt-Hughes attempts to help us understand psychedelic experience via the ideas of Aldous Huxley and Henri Bergson. More specifically, he attempts ‘to rectify and fortify’ Bergson’s metaphysics as it is represented in Aldous Huxley’s The Doors of Perception, a book about the use and experience of mescaline. In it, Huxley employs two Bergsonian concepts: that of the ‘reducing...
Abstract Aim: Emergentism as an ontology of consciousness leaves unanswered the question as to its mechanism. I aim to solve the body–mind problem by explaining how conscious organisms emerged on an evolutionary basis at various times in accordance with an accepted scientific principle through a mechanism that cannot be understood, in principle. Proposal: The reason for this cloak of secrecy is...
The mind-body problem has posed the questions: can we defend mental causation, or is there causal relevance of mental qua mental over and above physical in human behaviour? This would mean that conscious experience is not a physical phenomenon, though it has causal relevance in the world. The problem is understanding how something non-physical, mental or phenomenal could be causally relevant in...
Understanding and characterizing the relationship between mental phenomena and the brain is a huge challenge for modern neuroscience. No doubt, the conservative orthodox view of this relationship can be described as physicalist. Physicalism is the idea that, no matter how enigmatic mental phenomena may seem, they are nevertheless completely describable in physical and material terms. Still,...
Context: This systematic review of the literature examines the published data on Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) and its effects on sleep. Aims: SKY is a rhythmic breathing technique consisting of four stages of breathing and takes approximately 30 min to complete. SKY has shown beneficial effects in anxiety reduction, well-being, stress reduction, and sleep. We performed a systematic review looking...
Pantheism and panpsychism view the divine as omnipresent in the world or declare everything to be animated. This book presents a small number of case studies that show how these theories arose in the Renaissance and were linked to the overall intellectual climate of early modernity that became increasingly secularized. Pantheism and panentheism (the view that God embraces the world) preluded...