This article proposes a theoretical framework for a Bio-Ethological 4E Linguistics that integrates ethology, biolinguistics, and embodied cognition within a single biological continuum. It argues that the persistent division between linguistic internalism and behavioral biology has produced two incomplete naturalisms—one mental without life, the other biological without mind. By aligning...
Background: As the use of psychedelics increases in both therapeutic and non-clinical settings, reports of extended post-experience difficulties have also emerged. While many individuals integrate their experiences effectively, others face persistent challenges. Despite growing recognition of these issues, there is limited research on best practices for mitigating and addressing prolonged...
Mindfulness has its origins in Buddhist traditions and encourages individuals to accept the present moment exactly as it is, without judging people, actions, or events. Mindfulness techniques are taken up by medical researchers and applied in therapeutic programs for mental health. Also, mindfulness contributes to improve the quality of medical communication, to developing the skills of...
This article undertakes a comparative study of Ibn Sīnā and Ibn Rushd’s conceptions of the soul through the framework of Aristotle’s four causes: material, formal, efficient, and final. Both thinkers draw deeply from Aristotelian psychology, yet their approaches diverge due to different metaphysical and theological commitments. Ibn Sīnā, shaped by Neoplatonic currents, presents the soul as an...
BACKGROUND: This study investigated pāramīs-based inner strengths and mental health outcomes among elderly Thai Buddhist meditators, with a particular focus on the combined effects of strict ethical adherence to the Five Precepts (abstaining from killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, lying, and intoxicants) and varying level of death contemplation practice because this combination is a hallmark...
Psilocybin, psilocin and the associated tryptamines are psychoactive alkaloids which are naturally biosynthesised by Psilocybe (Fr.) P.Kumm. fungi, commonly referred to as magic mushrooms. These psychoactive fungi were used traditionally in healing rituals, and are now being studied in clinical studies to investigate their benefits as a treatment for a number of mental health disorders. Since...
Abstract In the Buddhist conceptualization of tanhā (a form of craving), it is seen as the main reason for suffering, the undermining of morals, and instability in existence. The goal of tanhā-nirodha (the cessation of craving) is Buddhist soteriology, but the goal is not limited to monastic practices and touches on many aspects of modern ethics, psychology, and social issues. In this paper,...
According to Freud, the human mind is characterised by a dynamic component, which he refers to as the “censoring agency”. This concept is also perceived by some to symbolise a certain authority. This agency is responsible for determining whether an emerging desire is suitable for entry into consciousness. It excludes anything that could potentially cause discomfort if the desire were to be...
This paper argues that the moment-to-moment content of phenomenal consciousness is identical to whichever neural or mnemonic representation is, at that instant, transiently the most accessible given the system’s causal history and current embedding context. Building on Tulving’s distinction between availability and accessibility, together with empirical work on working-memory constraints,...
In general, ischemic stroke patients experience psychological problems anxiety, depression and increased blood pressure to be above normal. The purpose of the study was to analyze anxiety, depression and blood pressure post mindfulness spiritual intervention combination breathing exercise. Quasy experiment research design with a large sample of 25 respondents through purposive sampling...