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May 14, 2019
Ketamine has emerged as the prototypical rapid-acting antidepressant. Early efficacy studies showed a high rate of response (64% to 71%) to a single dose of ketamine among individuals with treatment-resistant depression. Later clinical reports of the effectiveness of ketamine in clinical samples demonstrated a response rate of approximately 50%. This discrepancy between efficacy and...
May 14, 2019
Ketamine has been shown to rapidly improve mood within a few hours or days of administration. This effect can last for a week or more following a single administration of ketamine. The safety of long-term ketamine exposure is not well known. Future research is urgently needed to better understand long-term risks as well as evidence-based treatment regimens.
Physiology & Behavior May 1, 2019 Kristofer J Schoepfer, Caroline E. Strong, Samantha K Saland et al.
Subanesthetic ketamine (KET) elicits rapid, robust, but transient antidepressant effects. KET's antidepressant actions can be augmented and maintained for a longer duration when repeatedly delivered. However, KET is recreationally abused, raising long-term treatment safety concerns. Women are more likely than men to seek treatment for depression, escalate from casual to compulsive drug use, and...
Molecular Neurobiology May 2019 Wenyan Cui, Yuping Ning, Wu Hong et al.
Depression is a worldwide illness with a significant impact on both family and society. Conventional antidepressants are ineffective for more than 30% of patients. In such patients, who have what is called treatment-resistant depression (TRD), inflammatory biomarkers are expressed excessively in both the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral blood. Ketamine, a glutamate receptor...
Behavioural Brain Research May 1, 2019 Wei Wang, Le Liu, Xiu Yang et al.
HighlightsSusceptible mice showed depressive‐like behaviors upon chronic social defeat stress.Plasma corticosterone concentration might predict susceptibility to chronic stress.Abnormal glucocorticoid receptor expression was associated with susceptibility.Ketamine exerted antidepressant effect via normalizing HPA axis response. &NA; Chronic stress is an important factor for depression. Most...
Indian Journal of Psychiatry May 1, 2019 Amit Jagtiani, H. Khurana, N. Malhotra 15 citations
Background: It is well known that depression improves faster with electroconvulsive treatment (ECT) than with antidepressant medications. N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor antagonists (ketamine) have been shown to have rapid antidepressant effects when given as an intravenous infusion. Faster recovery with ECT is likely when used with ketamine as anesthetic. Aim: The aim of the study is to compare...
Journal of Affective Disorders May 1, 2019 Wei Zheng, Xiaohong Li, Xiao-Min Zhu et al. 57 citations
BACKGROUND Adjunctive ketamine with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been investigated for treating major depressive disorder (MDD), but the findings have been inconsistent. AIM This is an updated meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of ketamine augmentation of ECT in the treatment of MDD. METHODS Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting on the efficacy and safety of ketamine and...
PLoS One April 15, 2019 P. Fitzgerald, Jessica Yen, B. Watson
Major depression is a stress-linked disease with significant morbidity and the anesthetic drug ketamine is of growing interest in the treatment of depression, since in responsive individuals a single dose has rapid (within hours) antidepressant effects that can be sustained for over a week in some instances. This combination of fast action and a therapeutic effect that lasts far beyond the...
The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry April 15, 2019 Joshua D. Rosenblat, André F. Carvalho, Madeline Li et al. 111 citations
OBJECTIVE: Intravenous (IV) ketamine has rapid and robust antidepressant effects; however, poor accessibility of the IV route often limits its use. Numerous alternative routes of administration are being investigated. Oral ketamine is particularly appealing for its ease of use with the potential for high accessibility. The objective of the current systematic review, in accordance with PRISMA,...
Advanced Biomedical Research April 10, 2019 G. Kheirabadi, M. Vafaie, Dorna Kheirabadi et al.
Background: Achieving a rapid onset and durable methods of treatment for major depressive disorders is an issue pursuing in psychiatry. This study was designed to assess the therapeutic efficacy of intravenous (IV) ketamine injection in controlling depressive symptoms in comparison with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in major depressed disordered patients. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two...