September 26, 2000
Stella Pereira De Almeida
1 citation
O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar os padrões de uso de "êxtase"na cidade de São Paulo.Os usuários foram recrutados através da técnica de amostragem snowball, também utilizada para o recrutamento do grupo controle, composto de indivíduos com estilo de vida semelhante aos primeiros mas que nunca haviam experimentado "êxtase"(não usuários).Usuários (52) e não usuários (52) foram...
Forensic Science International
August 14, 2000
Christian Giroud, F Felber, Marc Augsburger et al.
70 citations
Salvia divinorum Epling & Jativa is an hallucinogenic mint traditionally used for curing and divination by the Mazatec Indians of Oaxaca, Mexico. Young people from Mexican cities were reported to smoke dried leaves of S. divinorum as a marijuana substitute. Recently, two S. divinorum specimens were seized in a large-scale illicit in-door and out-door hemp plantation. Salvinorin A also called...
July 1, 2000
Robert H. Williams, T. Erickson
Under certain conditions or in an overdose setting, several classes of drugs can induce illusions, hallucinations, or delusions. However, one of the hallmark features of hallucinogens or psychedelic agents is their ability to induce states of altered or distorted perception, thought, and mood. Many hallucinogens produce classic sympathomimetic effects; that is, hyperactivity, mydriasis (dilated...
Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior
May 2000
F M Leweke, Udo Schneider, M Radwan et al.
The physiological and pathophysiological roles of the central nervous endogenous cannabinoid system are not completely understood, but still represent a challenge in basic neurobiological, cognitive, and psychiatric research. The system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Binocular depth inversion, an illusion of visual perception, provides a model of impaired perception...
Progress in Neurobiology
July 1999
A Ameri
Cannabinoids have a long history of consumption for recreational and medical reasons. The primary active constituent of the hemp plant Cannabis sativa is delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta9-THC). In humans, psychoactive cannabinoids produce euphoria, enhancement of sensory perception, tachycardia, antinociception, difficulties in concentration and impairment of memory. The cognitive...
Neuroreport
June 3, 1999
F. Leweke, Andrea Giuffrida, U. Wurster et al.
Evidence suggests that cannabinoid receptors, the pharmacologcial target of cannabis-derived drugs, and their accompanying system of endogenous activators may be dysfunctional in schizophrenia. To test this hypothesis, we examined whether endogenous cannabinoid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid of schizophrenic patients are altered compared to nonschizophrenic controls. Endogenous...
Critical reviews in neurobiology
1999
F Chaperon, M H Thiébot
Two subtypes of cannabinoid receptors have been identified to date, the CB1 receptor, essentially located in the CNS, but also in peripheral tissues, and the CB2 receptor, found only at the periphery. The identification of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta9-THC) as the major active component of marijuana (Cannabis sativa), the recent emergence of potent synthetic ligands and the identification...
Neurobiology of Disease
December 1998
C S Breivogel, S R Childers
The effects of the primary psychoactive constituent of marijuana, delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, are mediated by cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2. The CB1 receptors display a unique central nervous system (CNS) distribution and are present in mammalian brain at higher levels than most other known G-protein-coupled receptors. The highest levels occur in several areas involved in motor control...
European Journal of Pharmacology
August 21, 1998
J L Wiley, W J Ryan, R K Razdan et al.
Arachidonylethanolamide (anandamide), an endogenous ligand for the cannabinoid receptor, binds competitively to brain cannabinoid receptors and shares many, but not all, of the in vivo effects of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol. In this study, the cannabinoid effects of anandamide analogs in which the anandamide molecule was altered were assessed in a drug discrimination model. Structural...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
August 18, 1998
M Diana, M Melis, A L Muntoni et al.
The mesolimbic dopamine system has recently been implicated in the long-term aversive consequences of withdrawal from major drugs of abuse. In the present study we sought to determine whether mesolimbic dopamine neurons are involved in the neurobiologic mechanisms underlying withdrawal from chronic cannabinoid exposure. Rats were treated chronically with the major psychoactive ingredient of...