It has been suggested that the non-euphorogenic phytocannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD) can ameliorate adverse effects of Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). We determined whether CBD ameliorates cognitive deficits and withdrawal signs induced by cannabinoid CB1 /CB2 receptor agonists or produces these pharmacological effects on its own. The effects of THC or the CB1 /CB2 receptor full agonist WIN55212...
Introduction PCP was synthesized in 1956 by Maddox and was established as a potent general anaesthetic, but it was early discontinued due to more frequent adverse drug reactions than expected. Later, PCP became a popular street drug. We report 3 cases of people who consumed PCP: 1 typical clinical case and also 2 others cases with PCP on drug urine testing. Case reports Case 1: a 36-year-old...
OBJECTIVE: Some American Indians legally use hallucinogenic substances as part of religious and spiritual ceremonies. Research to date has either failed to differentiate spiritual versus recreational use or has categorized hallucinogen use in an "other drug" or "illegal drug" category. This approach could contribute to ineffectual models of prevention and treatment intervention and limit...
The two volumes reviewed here examine specific plants and fungi that humans used in the past and present and that are either psychoactive (they alter the perceptions of the user) or “heighten sensory experience and amplify the perceived properties of things” (Marcy Norton, foreword to Schwartzkopf and Sampeck). These substances are ingested in some way, but they are not dietary staples. There...
Synthetic cannabinoids activate the cannabinoid CB1 receptor much more strongly than THC, the primary psychoactive component of plant cannabis. Intoxication and withdrawal syndromes may be more intense and longer lasting than those associated with plant cannabis. Synthetic cannabinoids are typically smoked or inhaled after vaporization (known as vaping).
Abstract Although less common than abuse of marijuana and cocaine, abuse of magic mushroom, peyote cactus, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), khat, and volatiles is observed in the United States. Eating wild mushroom is dangerous because misidentification of toxic mushroom as magic mushroom may be fatal. Magic mushroom contains psilocybin and psilocin but major psychedelic action of magic...
Chronic illness management today commonly involves alternative medicines. Substance use disorder (SUD), as a chronic psychosomatic illness, might benefit from a similar approach. The accredited Takiwasi Center offers such an SUD treatment program involving Amazonian medicine combined with psychotherapy. The current study assessed this integrative program's short-term therapeutic effects. We...
This chapter aimed to provide an overview of the large number of hallucinogens of natural origin. Following a literature review, the following hallucinogens were selected for a detailed description that considered their essential chemical groups: indoleamines ( N,N -dimethyltryptamine, 5-methoxy- N,N -dimethyltryptamine, bufotenine, psilocybin, and ibogaine), phenylethylamines (mescaline),...
\n Depois de apresentar as origens históricas da contracultura, no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos, e contextualizar um pouco das relações entre os integrantes destes movimentos e o uso de drogas, sobretudo maconha e ácido lisérgico, esse trabalho traça, através principalmente da análise de trajetórias individuais que se cruzam de uma forma ou de outra, uma história social da chegada do LSD ao...
Synthetic cannabinoid intoxication has become difficult to diagnose and manage in the United States, in part due to varying clinical effects within this heterogeneous group of compounds. A 38-year-old man was admitted with altered mental status and bradycardia. He demonstrated progressive encephalopathy, seizure activity, second-degree atrioventricular block type I, respiratory failure,...