Current Molecular Pharmacology
October 15, 2018
Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira, Carolina Lança Pereira, Diana Dias Da Silva
101 citations
Background:Mescaline (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine), mainly found in the Peyote cactus (Lophophora williamsii), is one of the oldest known hallucinogenic agents that influence human and animal behavior, but its psychoactive mechanisms remain poorly understood.Objective:This article aims to fully review pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mescaline, focusing on the in vivo and in vitro...
Science Advances
October 2018
A Chicca, M A Schafroth, I Reynoso-Moreno et al.
Phytochemical studies on the liverwort Radula genus have previously identified the bibenzyl (-)-cis-perrottetinene (cis-PET), which structurally resembles (-)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-trans-THC) from Cannabis sativa L. Radula preparations are sold as cannabinoid-like legal high on the internet, even though pharmacological data are lacking. Herein, we describe a versatile total...
Frontiers in Immunology
September 21, 2018
José A. Crippa, Francisco Silveira Guimarães, Alline Cristina Campos et al.
312 citations
Background: Among the many cannabinoids in the cannabis plant, cannabidiol (CBD) is a compound that does not produce the typical subjective effects of marijuana. Objectives: The aim of the present review is to describe the main advances in the development of the experimental and clinical use of cannabidiol CBD in neuropsychiatry. Methods: A non-systematic search was performed for studies...
Scientific Reports
September 11, 2018
Jenni Kononoff, Philippe A. Melas, Marsida Kallupi et al.
32 citations
Cannabis use is typically initiated during adolescence and is a significant risk factor for the development of cocaine use in adulthood. However, no preclinical studies have examined the effects of adolescent cannabinoid exposure on cocaine dependence in adulthood using the escalation model of cocaine self-administration and the assessment of negative emotional states. In the present study, we...
September 3, 2018
Michelle Newhart, William Ford Dolphin
Chapter 7: The Power of Place: Changes to Setting continues the discussion of the drug, set, and setting theory, from chapters 4 and 5, examining how “setting” changes between recreational and medical uses of cannabis. The chapter begins with the simple difference in settings when use is social versus solo, a differentiation often used as a proxy for recreational or medical use. However,...
September 3, 2018
Michelle Newhart, William Dolphin
Chapter 6: Changing the Set: Creating Medical Routines of Cannabis Use . This chapter turns to the second part of “drug, set, and setting,” investigating changes to the ‘set’ of people who use cannabis medically. ‘Set’ can be understood as both the biological set of an individual’s physiology and the mindset with which they use a substance. Patient stories present different patterns for...
European Journal of Pharmacology
September 1, 2018
Vincenzo Micale, Filippo Drago
The endocannabinoid system (ECS), which is composed of the cannabinoid receptors types 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2) for marijuana's psychoactive ingredient ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9-THC), the endogenous ligands (AEA and 2-AG) and the enzymatic systems involved in their biosynthesis and degradation, recently emerged as important modulator of emotional and non-emotional behaviors. In addition to its...
Scientific Reports
August 21, 2018
Marisa Möller, Jaco Fourie, Brian Herbert Harvey
16 citations
Abstract Efavirenz is abused in a cannabis-containing mixture known as Nyaope. The addictive-like effects of efavirenz (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) was explored using conditioned place preference (CPP) in rats following sub-acute exposure vs. methamphetamine (MA; 1 mg/kg) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC; 0.75 mg/kg). The most addictive dose of efavirenz was then compared to THC alone and THC plus...
International Journal of Medical Sciences
August 6, 2018
Esther Papaseit, Clara Pérez‐mañá, A. P. Pérez-Acevedo et al.
Cannabis is becoming increasingly present in our society. In recent years, the line between the natural (cannabis) and the synthetic (synthetic cannabinoids), the recreational (cannabis) and the medical (pharmaceutical cannabinoids and medical cannabis) has been crossed. In this paper we review some of the novel aspects of cannabis and cannabinoids in relation to their legal situation, changes...
Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior
July 2018
Jacqueline-Marie N Ferland, Madison R Carr, Angela M Lee et al.
Although exposure to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is perceived to be relatively harmless, mounting evidence has begun to show that it is associated with a variety of cognitive deficits, including poor decision making. THC-induced impairments in decision making are thought to be the result of cannabinoid CB1 receptor activation, and although clinical literature suggests that chronic...