Neurochemistry International
December 2009
W Michael Bullock, Federico Bolognani, Paolo Botta et al.
One of the most consistent findings in schizophrenia is the decreased expression of the GABA synthesizing enzymes GAD(67) and GAD(65) in specific interneuron populations. This dysfunction is observed in distributed brain regions including the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. In an effort to understand the mechanisms for this GABA deficit, we investigated the effect of the...
Psycho-Oncology
December 2009
Cecile A Lengacher, Versie Johnson-Mallard, Janice Post-White et al.
Considerable morbidity persists among survivors of breast cancer (BC) including high levels of psychological stress, anxiety, depression, fear of recurrence, and physical symptoms including pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbances, and impaired quality of life. Effective interventions are needed during this difficult transitional period. We conducted a randomized controlled trial of 84 female BC...
Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry
December 1, 2009
María Elena Ayala
Serotonin, a biogenic amine, is present in significant amounts in many structures of the CNS. It is involved in regulation of a wide variety of physiological functions, such as sensory and motor functions, memory, mood, and secretion of hormones including reproductive hormones. It has also been implicated in the etiology of a range of psychiatric disorders such as anxiety, depression, and...
Psychotherapy
December 1, 2009
Valérie Simard, Tore Nielsen
This study investigated the effectiveness of a psychotherapeutic treatment for nightmares that was adapted for 6- to 11-year-old children from imagery rehearsal therapy. Ten child-mother dyads took part in a 3-session, 8-week treatment protocol. Participation in the study (contact with clinician, keeping a prospective dream log) was associated with decreases unpleasant dreams frequency,...
Revista de Antropologia da UFSCar
December 1, 2009
Rafael G. Dos Santos
A ayahuasca é utilizada como sacramento de religiões como o Santo Daime, a Barquinha, a União do Vegetal e as suas dissidências. Nesses contextos, é geralmente preparada utilizando talos de Banisteriopsis caapi e folhas de Psychotria viridis, sendo seus principais alcalóides as beta-carbolinas harmina, tetrahidroharmina (THH) e harmalina e a triptamina dimetiltriptamina (DMT) (Callaway, 2005;...
Drug and Alcohol Dependence
November 1, 2009
Staci A Gruber, Jadwiga Rogowska, Deborah A Yurgelun-Todd
More than 94 million Americans have tried marijuana, and it remains the most widely used illicit drug in the nation. Investigations of the cognitive effects of marijuana report alterations in brain function during tasks requiring executive control, including inhibition and decision-making. Endogenous cannabinoids regulate a variety of emotional responses, including anxiety, mood control, and...
British Journal of Pharmacology
November 2009
P Quérée, S Peters, T Sharp
Recent experiments using non-selective 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)(2C) receptor agonists including WAY 161503 suggested that midbrain 5-HT neurones are under the inhibitory control of 5-HT(2C) receptors, acting via neighbouring gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurones. The present study extended this pharmacological characterization by comparing the actions of WAY 161503 with the 5-HT(2C)...
Psychological Medicine
October 2009
Paul D. Morrison, V Zois, D A McKeown et al.
Recent work suggests that heavy use of cannabis is associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia-like psychosis. However, there is a dearth of experimental studies of the effects of the constituents of cannabis, such as Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). In a study of intravenous (i.v.) synthetic THC in healthy humans, we aimed to study the relationship of the psychotic symptoms induced by...
British journal of midwifery
October 1, 2009
Annie Hughes, Mark G. Williams, Nancy Bardacke et al.
Mindfulness meditation is increasingly being used as a way of managing pain, reducing stress and anxiety and, in the form of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), as a way of reducing the risk of recurrence in depression (NICE, 2004). This article considers its potential for parents preparing for childbirth focusing on three areas: managing pain during pregnancy and labour; reducing risk...
American Journal of Hypertension
October 1, 2009
Sanford Nidich, Maxwell V Rainforth, David A F Haaga et al.
Background: Psychological distress contributes to the development of hypertension in young adults. This trial assessed the effects of a mind-body intervention on blood pressure (BP), psychological distress, and coping in college students. Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of 298 university students randomly allocated to either the Transcendental Meditation (TM) program or...