Hallucinogenic psilocybin is known to alter the subjective experience of time. However, there is no study that systematically investigated objective measures of time perception under psilocybin. Therefore, we studied dose-dependent effects of the serotonin (5-HT) 2A/1A receptor agonist psilocybin (4-phosphoryloxy-N, N-dimethyltryptamine) on temporal processing, employing tasks of temporal...
This study develops the methodological framework advanced in Rock, Baynes, and Casey's (2005) experimental study of ostensibly shamanic journeying imagery in naïve participants. Specifically, the present study experimentally investigates the impact of the word landscape, featured in Harner's (1990) shamanic journeying to the Lower World instructions, on the number of landscape‐related images...
This paper reviews a theory on the physiological conditions of consciousness. The theory consists of four hypotheses: (1) The occurrence of states of consciousness depends on the formation of higher-order representations that represent the internal state of the brain itself. (2) Higher-order representations are instantiated by the spatio-temporal activity pattern of large-scale neuronal...
Crowley's in-depth understanding of the complexity in-depth understanding of the complexity and value of the altered state of and value of the altered state of consciousness.Thankfully, there are clini-consciousness.Thankfully, there are clinicians such as Dr Crowley with the con-cians such as Dr Crowley with the confidence not to dismiss the non-ordinary fidence not to dismiss the non-ordinary...
Grof (1975Grof ( , 1990) ) has been the most Grof (1975Grof ( , 1990) ) has been the most prominent explorer of these inaccessible prominent explorer of these inaccessible regions for over 40 years and once research regions for over 40 years and once research into lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) into lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) became impossible, developed a technique became impossible,...
Many people report having had an experience in which they felt as if their phenomenal self was separated in Cartesian space from their physical body. This phenomenon is often referred to as an 'out-of-body' (OBE) experience. Prior work has found OBE experients to score higher on measures of dissociation and to differ in regards to the perceptual experience of their body. Based upon this work,...
Grof (1975Grof ( , 1990) ) has been the most Grof (1975Grof ( , 1990) ) has been the most prominent explorer of these inaccessible prominent explorer of these inaccessible regions for over 40 years and once research regions for over 40 years and once research into lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) into lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) became impossible, developed a technique became impossible,...
This brief survey and analysis of the statements made by Paul about his experience of God calling him to be an apostle in Galatians 1:15-16; 1 Corinth 15:8-9; 2 Corinth 4:6; and Philippians 3:12 were chiefly conducted from an intentionally limited social science perspective. The article argues that the investigator can gain deeper insights into Paul’s statements “in his own words” by submitting...
The last decade has seen a renaissance of consciousness studies, witnessed by the growing number of scientific investigations on this topic. The concept of consciousness is central in epileptology, despite the methodological difficulties concerning its application to the multifaced ictal phenomenology. The authors provide an up-to-date review of the neurological literature on the relationship...
As the advantages of meditation have been outlined literally, scientific exploration of the meditation phenomena becomes significant. Meditation EEG may provide an access to the mental states beyond normal consciousness. It is the first attempt to score the meditation course by EEG. Wavelet analysis and fuzzy c-means (FCM) are applied in the automatic interpretation algorithm. However, FCM...