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The Extended Mind: State of the Question

Shaun Gallagher

The Southern Journal of Philosophy December 1, 2018 DOI: 10.1111/sjp.12308 (opens in new tab)

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Characteristics Theoretical or philosophical paper Peer reviewed
Key points Argues that the extended mind hypothesis has developed through three theoretical waves—parity-based first-wave extended mind theory, second-wave complementarity, and a third wave that uneasily integrates predictive processing and enactivist dynamics—and that it remains a productive force in philosophy of mind because it continues to generate debate, insights, and objections.

Abstract

Abstract: It has been twenty years since Clark and Chalmers published “The Extended Mind.” In the present article I review the development of the extended mind hypothesis across what some proponents have defined as three theoretical “waves.” From first‐wave extended mind theory, based on the parity principle, to second‐wave complementarity, to the third wave, characterized as an uneasy integration of predictive processing and enactivist dynamics, extended mind theorists have faced and solved a number of problems along the way. The fact that the hypothesis continues to spark debate and to generate both new insights and new objections suggests that it continues to play a productive role in contemporary philosophy of mind.

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