Bridging the Soteriological-Secular Divide: A 9-Month Online Tibetan Mind-Body Practice Program Enhances Eudaimonic Well-Being and Non-Dual Awareness
Sebastian Ehmann, Ryan T. Pohlig, Alejandro Chaoul, John Cuzzupe, Michael G. Vaughn, Gennaro Rocco, Tenzin Wangyal, Michael J. Gawrysiak
Mindfulness November 19, 2025 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-025-02704-7 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Longitudinal intervention study Preregistered Qualitative Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Sample size | 30 |
| Population | Predominantly experienced meditators |
| Interventions | The 3 Doors Compassion Project (3DCP) a 9-month online program teaching traditional Tibetan Mind-Body (TMB) meditation practices rooted in Bon Dzogchen philosophy |
| Duration | 9-month intervention |
| Topics | Meditation |
| Keywords | Compassion Flourishing Mental health Bridging networking Operationalization Contemplation Construct python library Psychotherapist Empirical research Applied psychology Clinical psychology Empirical evidence Well-being Thematic analysis Qualitative research |
| Citations | 1 |
| Key findings | The 3 Doors Compassion Project produced incremental improvements in compassion, mindfulness, flourishing, and non-dual awareness that were independent of meditation practice frequency. |
Abstract
Abstract Objectives As contemplative science continues to evolve, research has shifted from studying the mental health outcomes of brief meditation programs for novice practitioners to investigating traditional meditative paradigms and their associated advanced soteriological aims. However, empirical studies on meditative development remain limited.
Methods: The present study examined the effects of The 3 Doors Compassion Project (3DCP), a 9-month online program teaching traditional Tibetan Mind-Body (TMB) meditation practices rooted in Bon Dzogchen philosophy. The study hypothesized incremental improvements in compassion for self and others, mindfulness, flourishing, and non-dual awareness—a self-transcendent psychological construct central to advanced meditation.
Participants: ( n = 30), predominantly experienced meditators, completed validated self-report measures monthly.
Results: General linear mixed modeling revealed incremental increases across all assessed outcomes with statistically significant improvements for compassion for self and others, mindfulness, flourishing ( p < 0.001), and non-dual awareness ( p < 0.05). Notably, improvements were independent of self-reported frequency of meditation practice, suggesting that program structure rather than practice quantity influenced outcomes.
Conclusions: These findings extend prior research on the mental health benefits of TMB programs and provide preliminary evidence that TMB practices may foster advanced meditative states associated with self-transcendence. Limitations include the small, self-selected sample, lack of a control group, and reliance on quantitative measures, which may underrepresent the richness of advanced meditative phenomenology. Future research should incorporate qualitative methods, larger and more diverse samples, and unified empirical frameworks to further elucidate the mechanisms and outcomes of traditional TMB practices, particularly their potential to cultivate self-transcendence and eudaimonic well-being. Preregistration This study was not preregistered.
Comparable studies
Other observational and cohort studies on meditation, most cited first.
| Study | Year | Design | Participants |
|---|---|---|---|
| Using Self-Report Assessment Methods to Explore Facets of Mindfulness Undergraduate students | 2006 | Observational cohort | |
| Effectiveness of a meditation-based stress reduction program in the treatment of anxiety disorders Patients with generalized anxiety disorder or panic disorder with or without agoraphobia | 1992 | Observational cohort | n = 22 |
| Meditation experience is associated with increased cortical thickness Participants with extensive Insight meditation experience and matched controls | 2005 | Observational cohort | n = 20 |
| Meditation experience is associated with differences in default mode network activity and connectivity Experienced meditators and matched meditation-naive controls | 2011 | Observational cohort | |
| Long-term meditators self-induce high-amplitude gamma synchrony during mental practice Long-term Buddhist practitioners and controls | 2004 | Observational cohort |
Citations in the library
Cites 37
- Using Self-Report Assessment Methods to Explore Facets of Mindfulness Assessment January 27, 2006
- Mind the Hype: A Critical Evaluation and Prescriptive Agenda for Research on Mindfulness and Meditation Perspectives on Psychological Science October 10, 2017
- Psychedelics, Meditation, and Self-Consciousness Frontiers in Psychology September 4, 2018
- The Mindfulness-to-Meaning Theory: Extensions, Applications, and Challenges at the Attention–Appraisal–Emotion Interface Psychological Inquiry October 2, 2015
- From many to (n)one: Meditation and the plasticity of the predictive mind. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews September 1, 2021
and 32 more in the library