Return of the lysergamides. Part VI: Analytical and behavioural characterization of 1‐cyclopropanoyl‐d‐lysergic acid diethylamide (1CP‐LSD)
Simon D. Brandt, Pierce V. Kavanagh, Folker Westphal, Alexander Stratford, Anna U. Odland, Adam K. Klein, Geraldine Dowling, Nicola M. Dempster, Jason Wallach, Torsten Passie, Adam L. Halberstadt
Drug Testing and Analysis March 16, 2020 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2789 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Laboratory study Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Population | C57BL/6J mice and human serum |
| Dose | ED50 = 430.0 nmol/kg |
| Measures | head-twitch response (HTR) |
| Topics | LSD Psilocybin |
| Keywords | Hallucinogen Pharmacology |
| Citations | 38 |
| Key points | 1CP-LSD converts to LSD in human serum and produces an LSD-like head-twitch response in mice with an ED50 of 430.0 nmol/kg. |
Abstract
Abstract Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a prototypical serotonergic psychedelic drug and the subject of many clinical investigations. In recent years, a range of lysergamides has emerged with the production of some being inspired by the existing scientific literature. Others, for example various 1‐acyl substituted lysergamides, did not exist before their appearance as research chemicals. 1‐Cylopropanoyl‐LSD (1CP‐LSD) has recently emerged as a new addition to the group of lysergamide‐based designer drugs and is believed to be psychoactive in humans. In this investigation, 1CP‐LSD was subjected to detailed analytical characterizations including various mass spectrometry (MS) platforms, gas and liquid chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, solid phase and GC condensed phase infrared spectroscopy. Analysis by GC–MS also revealed the detection of artificially induced degradation products. Incubation of 1CP‐LSD with human serum led to the formation of LSD, indicating that it may act as a prodrug for LSD in vivo, similar to other 1‐acyl substituted lysergamides. The analysis of blotters and pellets is also included. 1CP‐LSD also induces the head‐twitch response (HTR) in C57BL/6 J mice, indicating that it produces an LSD‐like behavioural profile. 1CP‐LSD induced the HTR with an ED 50 = 430.0 nmol/kg which was comparable to 1P‐LSD (ED 50 = 349.6 nmol/kg) investigated previously. Clinical studies are required to determine the potency and profile of the effects produced by 1CP‐LSD in humans.
Comparable studies
Other preclinical and animal studies on LSD, most cited first.
Citations in the library
Cited by 25
- Return of the lysergamides. Part VII: Analytical and behavioural characterization of 1‐valeroyl‐d‐lysergic acid diethylamide (1V‐LSD) Drug Testing and Analysis November 27, 2021
- Identification of LSD analogs, 1cP-AL-LAD, 1cP-MIPLA, 1V-LSD and LSZ in sheet products. Forensic Toxicology July 1, 2023
- The use patterns of novel psychedelics: experiential fingerprints of substituted phenethylamines, tryptamines and lysergamides. Psychopharmacology June 1, 2022
- Identification of LSD Derivatives, 1cP-LSD, MIPLA and 1B-LSD in Illegal Products as Paper Sheet Yakugaku Zasshi October 31, 2020
- Analytical profile, in vitro metabolism and behavioral properties of the lysergamide 1P‐AL‐LAD Drug Testing and Analysis May 7, 2022
and 20 more in the library
Cites 17
- Phenomenology, Structure, and Dynamic of Psychedelic States Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences 2016
- Correlation between the potency of hallucinogens in the mouse head-twitch response assay and their behavioral and subjective effects in other species. Neuropharmacology May 1, 2020
- Effects of the hallucinogen 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenethylamine (2C-I) and superpotent N-benzyl derivatives on the head twitch response. Neuropharmacology February 1, 2014
- Effect of Hallucinogens on Unconditioned Behavior Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences 2016
- Dark Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) ACS Chemical Neuroscience February 20, 2018
and 12 more in the library