Return of the lysergamides. Part V: Analytical and behavioural characterization of 1‐butanoyl‐d‐lysergic acid diethylamide (1B‐LSD)
Simon D. Brandt, Pierce V. Kavanagh, Folker Westphal, Alexander Stratford, Anna U. Odland, Adam K. Klein, Geraldine Dowling, Nicola M. Dempster
Drug Testing and Analysis May 13, 2019 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2613 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Experimental study Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Population | C57BL/6J mice |
| Intervention | LSD |
| Dose | ED50 = 976.7 nmol/kg for 1B-LSD; ED50 = 132.8 nmol/kg for LSD |
| Topics | LSD |
| Keywords | Hallucinogen |
| Citations | 72 |
| Key findings | 1B-LSD produces dose-dependent head-twitch responses in mice with about 14% of LSD's potency, suggesting LSD-like behavioral effects. |
Abstract
Abstract The psychedelic properties of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) have captured the imagination of researchers for many years and its rediscovery as an important research tool is evidenced by its clinical use within neuroscientific and therapeutic settings. At the same time, a number of novel LSD analogs have recently emerged as recreational drugs, which makes it necessary to study their analytical and pharmacological properties. One recent addition to this series of LSD analogs is 1‐butanoyl‐LSD (1B‐LSD), a constitutional isomer of 1‐propanoyl‐6‐ethyl‐6‐nor‐lysergic acid diethylamide (1P‐ETH‐LAD), another LSD analog that was described previously. This study presents a comprehensive analytical characterization of 1B‐LSD employing nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), low‐ and high‐resolution mass spectrometry platforms, gas‐ and liquid chromatography (GC and LC), and GC‐condensed phase and attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy analyses. Analytical differentiation of 1B‐LSD from 1P‐ETH‐LAD was straightforward. LSD and other serotonergic hallucinogens induce the head‐twitch response (HTR) in rats and mice, which is believed to be mediated largely by 5‐HT 2A receptor activation. HTR studies were conducted in C57BL/6J mice to assess whether 1B‐LSD has LSD‐like behavioral effects. 1B‐LSD produced a dose‐dependent increase in HTR counts, acting with ~14% (ED 50 = 976.7 nmol/kg) of the potency of LSD (ED 50 = 132.8 nmol/kg). This finding suggests that the behavioral effects of 1B‐LSD are reminiscent of LSD and other serotonergic hallucinogens. The possibility exists that 1B‐LSD serves as a pro‐drug for LSD. Further investigations are warranted to confirm whether 1B‐LSD produces LSD‐like psychoactive effects in humans.
Comparable studies
Other preclinical and animal studies on LSD, most cited first.
Citations in the library
Cited by 46
- The neural basis of psychedelic action. Nature Neuroscience October 24, 2022
- Correlation between the potency of hallucinogens in the mouse head-twitch response assay and their behavioral and subjective effects in other species. Neuropharmacology May 1, 2020
- Designer drugs: mechanism of action and adverse effects Archives of Toxicology April 1, 2020
- Chronic pain and psychedelics: a review and proposed mechanism of action Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine May 4, 2020
- Effect of Hallucinogens on Unconditioned Behavior Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences 2016
and 41 more in the library
Cites 23
- Phenomenology, Structure, and Dynamic of Psychedelic States Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences 2016
- Correlation between the potency of hallucinogens in the mouse head-twitch response assay and their behavioral and subjective effects in other species. Neuropharmacology May 1, 2020
- Modern Clinical Research on LSD Neuropsychopharmacology April 27, 2017
- Effects of the hallucinogen 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenethylamine (2C-I) and superpotent N-benzyl derivatives on the head twitch response. Neuropharmacology February 1, 2014
- Effect of Hallucinogens on Unconditioned Behavior Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences 2016
and 18 more in the library