Psychological Mediators of Reduced Distress: Preregistered Analyses from a Randomized Controlled Trial of a Smartphone-Based Well-Being Training.
Matthew J. Hirshberg, Cortland J. Dahl, Daniel M. Bolt, Richard J. Davidson, Simon B. Goldberg
Clinical Psychological Science 2025 DOI: 10.1177/21677026241233262 (opens in new tab)
Study at a glance
AI-extracted from the abstract| Characteristics | Randomized controlled trial Preregistered Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Sample size | 662 |
| Population | Adults with clinical levels of anxiety or depressive symptoms |
| Duration | 4-week intervention, 3-month follow-up |
| Topics | Meditation |
| Keywords | Distress Mechanisms Mediation Mobile health |
| Citations | 9 |
| Key findings | Assignment to a four-week smartphone-based meditation intervention predicted gains on four psychological mediators, which in turn mediated follow-up distress, with reduced loneliness accounting for 61.7% of the combined indirect effect. |
Abstract
Understanding why interventions work is essential to optimizing them. Although mechanistic theories of meditation-based interventions (MBIs) exist, empirical evidence is limited. We randomly assigned 662 adults (79.9% reported clinical levels of anxiety or depressive symptoms) to a four-week smartphone-based MBI or wait-list control condition early in the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological distress and four theory driven preregistered psychological mediators of well-being (mindful action, loneliness, cognitive defusion and purpose) were assessed five times during the intervention period and at three-month follow-up. In preregistered analyses, assignment to the intervention predicted significant gains on all mediators which in turn significantly mediated follow-up distress (21.9%-62.5% of intervention effect on distress). No significant mediation pathway was observed in an exploratory multiple mediator analysis, but reduced loneliness accounted for 61.7% of the combined indirect effect. Multiple psychological pathways may mediate reduced distress in a digital MBI.
Comparable studies
Other randomized controlled trials on meditation, most cited first.
| Study | Year | Design | Participants |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alterations in Brain and Immune Function Produced by Mindfulness Meditation Healthy employees in a work environment | 2003 | Randomized controlled trial | n = 41 |
| Prevention of relapse/recurrence in major depression by mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. Recovered recurrently depressed patients | 2000 | Randomized controlled trial | n = 145 |
| Open hearts build lives: Positive emotions, induced through loving-kindness meditation, build consequential personal resources. Working adults | 2008 | Randomized controlled trial | n = 139 |
| Short-term meditation training improves attention and self-regulation Undergraduate Chinese students | 2007 | Randomized controlled trial | n = 40 |
| Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Depression: Replication and Exploration of Differential Relapse Prevention Effects. Recovered recurrently depressed patients | 2004 | Randomized controlled trial | n = 73 |
Citations in the library
Cited by 2
Cites 18
- Mechanisms of mindfulness Journal of Clinical Psychology December 29, 2005
- How Does Mindfulness Meditation Work? Proposing Mechanisms of Action From a Conceptual and Neural Perspective Perspectives on Psychological Science October 14, 2011
- Construct Validity of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire in Meditating and Nonmeditating Samples Assessment February 29, 2008
- Self-awareness, self-regulation, and self-transcendence (S-ART): a framework for understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of mindfulness Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 2012
- What defines mindfulness-based programs? The warp and the weft Psychological Medicine December 29, 2016
and 13 more in the library