Bio Systems
September 8, 2026
Emiliano Bruner
Frequently, the terms self and ego are employed as synonyms. From the one hand, this can obscure and confound different experiences related to consciousness. On the other hand, this can limit the use of these concepts when trying to express the human potential, and enhance well-being. Following the principles of ecology, system theory, and extended cognition, I propose an operational definition...
Bio Systems
September 2026
Byung-Soo Choi
The Orch-OR theory has been proposed as a framework for explaining consciousness based on quantum-gravitational effects in microtubules. To further support and examine this theory, a more concrete quantum circuit model is required, one that can be theoretically analyzed and experimentally tested in comparison with biological observations. In this work, we propose a hierarchical quantum circuit...
Bio Systems
May 1, 2026
Marko Vitas, Srdjan Cvjetović, Andrej Dobovišek
There is no consensus about what consciousness and its emergent form, intelligence, are. Yet this article proposes a new definition of intelligence. The new definition implicates the thermodynamic aspect of an intelligent system as a far from equilibrium phenomenon. The new definition of intelligence presented herein is formulated in a minimal manner; simultaneously, it is general enough to...
Bio Systems
April 1, 2026
Byung-Soo Choi
Although the Orch-OR theory has been recognized as one of the quantum models of consciousness, it faces significant challenges due to the fragility of quantum coherence within the warm, wet, and noisy environment of the brain. In this work, we propose a potential resolution by invoking a quantum error-correction framework, specifically focusing on the surface code model. We hypothesize that the...
Bio Systems
March 1, 2026
Abir U Igamberdiev
Time relates to actualization, which is physically interpreted as a quantum measurement. The measurement has a dual structure consisting of the reality being measured (externality) and the reality by which the measurement takes place (an agent or ontolon). These two constituents refer to the two types of time: physical time measured by clocks, and internal time, defined by Bergson as la durée...
Bio Systems
February 1, 2026
Ian Todd
Intelligence arises from the maintenance of high-dimensional coherent dynamics. High-dimensional systems are effectively nonergodic on relevant timescales-the curse of dimensionality confines trajectories to vanishingly small regions relative to the full space. This confinement is not a limitation but the foundation of biological computation: a system's position in phase space functions as its...
Bio Systems
2026
Marco Cavaglià, Jack A Tuszynski
Understanding conscious experience requires looking beyond neuronal circuits alone. We propose that lipid membranes, vicinal water, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) form a coherent substrate capable of holographic encoding and coupling to endogenous/exogenous electromagnetic fields (EMF). In what follows: (i) we formulate four postulates (membrane as holographic plate; water as coherence medium;...
Bio Systems
December 1, 2025
Joseph J Trukovich
1 citation
Consciousness requires explanation for how biological architectures reliably generate it. This paper introduces Value Saturation, advancing an identity claim: phenomenal consciousness IS explicit recursive self-modeling saturated by homeostatic significance under perspectival entrapment. Building on the Reaction to Reflection framework, the theory distinguishes sentience (implicit recursion...
Bio Systems
October 1, 2025
Joseph J Trukovich
Understanding emerges not from isolated cognitive abilities but from recursive depth-the capacity for self-referential processing grounded in systems with authentic thermodynamic constraints. The Reaction to Reflection (R2R) model advances a unifying principle for intelligence, identifying four evolutionary transitions in recursive sophistication: reaction (chemical recursion), temporogenesis...
Bio Systems
September 1, 2025
Gustavo Guzmán, Elsa Magaña-Cuevas, Rocío Hernández-Rizo et al.
Brain organization emerges from molecular, cellular, and systems-level processes that together generate cognitive function. While individual biological codes have been characterized at specific scales, their integration across levels remains poorly understood. Existing theories of consciousness recognize diverse electrophysiological signatures but fail to explain the continuity linking...
Bio Systems
August 1, 2025
Marko Vitas
There is no consensus about what cognition and its emergent form, consciousness, are. Yet this article proposes a new definition of consciousness. As many researchers, philosophers and other thinkers believe that life means cognising, this new definition of consciousness stems from a generalisation of the existing definition of life which postulates that Life is a far from equilibrium...
Bio Systems
June 1, 2025
Thomas Görnitz
4 citations
A scientific explanation of consciousness and its evolution has become possible by a generalized quantum information concept. Crucial to this is a new understanding of matter and energy. Our consciousness, being an information structure, processes the information that we absorb from our bodies and our environment. This information reaches us as properties of material objects and the massless...
Bio Systems
May 1, 2025
Andres Kriete
5 citations
Thermodynamically open biological systems not only sustain a life-supporting mutual relationship with their environment by exchanging matter and energy but also constantly seek information to navigate probabilistic changes in their surroundings. This work argues that cognition and conscious thought should not be viewed in isolation but rather as parts of an integral control of biological...
Bio Systems
May 1, 2025
Danko D. Georgiev
4 citations
Functional theories of consciousness, based on emergence of conscious experiences from the execution of a particular function by an insentient brain, face the hard problem of consciousness of explaining why the insentient brain should produce any conscious experiences at all. This problem is exacerbated by the determinism characterizing the laws of classical physics, due to the resulting lack...
Bio Systems
May 1, 2025
Abir U Igamberdiev, Nikita E Shklovskiy-Kordi
Efim Liberman (1925-2011) introduced in 1972 the idea of natural computation realized internally by living systems. He considered the physical principles employed by living systems as essential constraints that limit the computational process occurring in the course of adaptation, morphogenesis, and neural activity. The most general limits determined by the physical fundamental constants are...
Bio Systems
April 1, 2025
Joseph J Trukovich
This paper presents a comprehensive framework that traces the evolution of consciousness through a continuum of recursive processes spanning reaction, temporogenesis, symbiogenesis, and cognogenesis. By integrating biological cooperation, temporal structuring, and self-referential processing, our model provides a novel perspective on how complexity emerges and scales across evolutionary time....
Bio Systems
March 1, 2025
Seungju An, Byung-Soo Choi
The Objective Reduction (OR) theory suggested by Sir Roger Penrose presented a novel perspective on the measurement problem of quantum mechanics and consciousness. Subsequently, based on the assertion of anesthesiologist Dr. Hameroff, the theory proposed that the phenomenon of OR could also manifest in microtubules within neurons. This would, serve as the trigger for consciousness, thereby...
Bio Systems
February 1, 2025
Nikolai S Rozov
2 citations
This article presents a refinement of theoretical explanations of the main stages of linguistic and cognitive evolution in anthropogenesis. The concepts of language, consciousness, self-consciousness, the self, the unconscious, the subconscious, and the relation between free will and determinism remain at the center of active and complex debates in philosophy and neuroscience. A basic...
Bio Systems
2025
František Baluška, William B. Miller, Predrag Slijepcevic et al.
10 citations
Cells represent the basic units of life, not only as structural building blocks, but also as cognitive agents endowed with subjective cellular feelings, sentience (consciousness), and cognitive infocomputatioal competence. Living cells act as 'Kantian Wholes': All of its parts exist for and by means of the whole system, allowing cells to use sentient agency for solving existential problems and...
Bio Systems
December 1, 2024
Sergio J Martínez García, Pablo Padilla Longoria
7 citations
We usually accept that consciousness is in the brain. This statement corresponds to a Neurocentrist view. However, with all the physical and physiological data currently available, a convincing explanation of how consciousness emerges has not been given this topic is aborded by Anil Seth (2021). Because of this, a natural question arises: Is consciousness really in the brain or not? If the...
Bio Systems
December 1, 2024
Breno B Just, Sávio Torres de Farias
7 citations
There is no consensus about what cognition is. Different perspectives conceptualize it in different ways. In the same vein, there is no agreement about which systems are truly cognitive. This begs the question, what makes a process or a system cognitive? One of the most conspicuous features of cognition is that it is a set of processes. Cognition, in the end, is a collection of processes such...
Bio Systems
September 1, 2024
Stuart Kauffman, Sudip Patra
We attempt in this article to formulate a conceptual and testable framework weaving Cosmos, Mind and Matter into a whole. We build on three recent discoveries, each requiring more evidence: i. The particles of the Standard Model, SU(3) x SU(2) x U(1), are formally capable of collective autocatalysis. This leads us to ask what roles such autocatalysis may have played in Cosmogenesis, and in...
Bio Systems
August 1, 2024
Akihiro Nishiyama, Shigenori Tanaka, Jack A Tuszynski
In this paper we propose a control theory of manipulating holograms in Quantum Brain Dynamics (QBD) involving our subjective experiences, i.e. qualia. We begin with the Lagrangian density in QBD and extend our theory to a hierarchical model involving multiple layers covering the neocortex. We adopt reservoir computing approach or morphological computation to manipulate waveforms of holograms...
Bio Systems
2024
Theodoros Kyriazos, Mary Poga
This paper delves into the innovative intersection of quantum mechanics and psychology, examining the potential of quantum principles to provide fresh insights into human emotions, cognition, and consciousness. Drawing parallels between quantum phenomena such as superposition, entanglement, tunneling, decoherence and their psychological counterparts, we present a quantum-psychological model...
Bio Systems
October 1, 2023
Miku Yamada, Miu Matsumoto, Mina Arakaki et al.
Qualia have traditionally been considered difficult to measure objectively, but with the recent spread of fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) and other techniques, various experimental efforts have been made. In this paper, focusing on the qualia for color, we created 6 colors with different RGB values for reference colors of RED, light GREEN, BLUE, YELLOW, and PURPLE, and showed them...