Consciousness and Cognition
March 1, 2002
David Kahn, Edward F Pace-Schott, J Allan Hobson
This study investigated the relationship between dream emotion and dream character identification. Thirty-five subjects provided 320 dream reports and answers to questions on characters that appeared in their dreams. We found that emotions are almost always evoked by our dream characters and that they are often used as a basis for identifying them. We found that affection and joy were commonly...
Consciousness and Cognition
December 1, 2001
Michael Schredl, Arthur Funkhouser, Claude M. Cornu et al.
The coefficients of internal consistency and retest reliability had been rarely investigated within the methodology of dream content analysis. Analyzing a dream series of elderly, healthy persons obtained from weekly telephone interviews, the internal consistency of a series of 20 dreams and retests after 4 or 22 weeks, respectively, had been computed. The findings indicate that dream recall...
Consciousness and Cognition
December 1, 2001
T V Sewards, M A Sewards
Recent experiments have shown that the amplitudes of cortical gamma band oscillatory activities that occur during anesthesia are often greater than amplitudes of similar activities that occur without anesthesia. This result is apparently at odds with the hypothesis that synchronized oscillatory activities constitute the neural correlate of consciousness. We argue that while synchronization and...
Consciousness and Cognition
December 2001
E Bacon, J M Danion, F Kauffmann-Muller et al.
Recent studies have shown that schizophrenia may be a disease affecting the states of consciousness. The present study is aimed at investigating metamemory, i.e., the knowledge about one's own memory capabilities, in patients with schizophrenia. The accuracy of the Confidence level (CL) in the correctness of the answers provided during a recall phase, and the predictability of the Feeling of...
Consciousness and Cognition
September 1, 2001
J G Taylor
49 citations
There are now various approaches to understand where and how in the brain consciousness arises from neural activity, none of which is universally accepted. Difficulties among these approaches are reviewed, and a missing ingredient is proposed here to help adjudicate between them, that of "perspectivalness." In addition to a suitable temporal duration and information content of the relevant...
Consciousness and Cognition
June 1, 2001
Identifying the neural correlates of consciousness: strategies with general anesthetics.
Consciousness and Cognition
March 1, 2001
Piercarla Cicogna, Marino Bosinelli
Two aspects of consciousness are first considered: consciousness as awareness (phenomenological meaning) and consciousness as strategic control (functional meaning). As to awareness, three types can be distinguished: first, awareness as the phenomenal experiences of objects and events; second, awareness as meta-awareness, i.e., the awareness of mental life itself; third, awareness as...
Consciousness and Cognition
December 1, 2000
Rense Lange, M A Thalbourne, James Houran et al.
The concept of transliminality ("a hypothesized tendency for psychological material to cross thresholds into or out of consciousness") was anticipated by William James (1902/1982), but it was only recently given an empirical definition by Thalbourne in terms of a 29-item Transliminality Scale. This article presents the 17-item Revised Transliminality Scale (or RTS) that corrects age and gender...
Consciousness and Cognition
December 2000
R Fosse
This study tested the two main neurocognitive models of dreaming by using cognitive data elicited from REM sleep in normals and narcoleptics. The two models were the "activation-only" view which holds that, in the context of sleep, overall activation of the brain is sufficient for consciousness to proceed in the manner of dreaming (e.g., Antrobus, 1991; Foulkes, 1993; Vogel, 1978); and the...
Consciousness and Cognition
September 1, 2000
Commentary on Jakab's "Ineffability of qualia".
Consciousness and Cognition
September 1, 2000
Ineffability of qualia: a straightforward naturalistic explanation.
Consciousness and Cognition
September 2000
M T Alkire, R J Haier, J H Fallon
A unifying theory of general anesthetic-induced unconsciousness must explain the common mechanism through which various anesthetic agents produce unconsciousness. Functional-brain-imaging data obtained from 11 volunteers during general anesthesia showed specific suppression of regional thalamic and midbrain reticular formation activity across two different commonly used volatile agents. These...
Consciousness and Cognition
September 2000
P Cariani
Possible systemic effects of general anesthetic agents on neural information processing are discussed in the context of the thalamocortical suppression hypothesis presented by Drs. Alkire, Haier, and Fallon (this issue) in their PET study of the anesthetized state. Accounts of the neural requisites of consciousness fall into two broad categories. Neuronal-specificity theories postulate that...
Consciousness and Cognition
June 1, 2000
D M Rosenthal
Because metacognition consists in our having mental access to our cognitive states and mental states are conscious only when we are conscious of them in some suitable way, metacognition and consciousness shed important theoretical light on one another. Thus, our having metacognitive access to information carried by states that are not conscious helps confirm the hypothesis that a mental state's...
Consciousness and Cognition
June 1, 2000
J Prinz
This paper develops an empirically motivated theory of visual consciousness. It begins by outlining neuropsychological support for Jackendoff's (1987) hypothesis that visual consciousness involves mental representations at an intermediate level of processing. It then supplements that hypothesis with the further requirement that attention, which can come under the direction of high level...
Consciousness and Cognition
December 1, 1999
A passion of the soul: an introduction to pain for consciousness researchers.
Consciousness and Cognition
December 1, 1999
On the possibility of universal neural coding of subjective experience.
Consciousness and Cognition
December 1, 1999
Afterimages: a tool for defining the neural correlate of visual consciousness.
Consciousness and Cognition
September 1, 1999
S Franklin, A Graesser
Baars (1988, 1997) has proposed a psychological theory of consciousness, called global workspace theory. The present study describes a software agent implementation of that theory, called "Conscious" Mattie (CMattie). CMattie operates in a clerical domain from within a UNIX operating system, sending messages and interpreting messages in natural language that organize seminars at a university....
Consciousness and Cognition
September 1999
F Travis, R K Wallace
In this single-blind within-subject study, autonomic and EEG variables were compared during 10-min, order-balanced eyes-closed rest and Transcendental Meditation (TM) sessions. TM sessions were distinguished by (1) lower breath rates, (2) lower skin conductance levels, (3) higher respiratory sinus arrhythmia levels, and (4) higher alpha anterior-posterior and frontal EEG coherence. Alpha power...
Consciousness and Cognition
September 1999
K Vogeley, M Kurthen, P Falkai et al.
The human self model comprises essential features such as the experiences of ownership, of body-centered spatial perspectivity, and of a long-term unity of beliefs and attitudes. In the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, it is suggested that clinical subsyndromes like cognitive disorganization and derealization syndromes reflect disorders of this self model. These features are neurobiologically...
Consciousness and Cognition
September 1, 1999
J A Cheyne, Steve D. Rueffer, Ian R. Newby‐Clark
Hypnagogic and hypnopompic experiences (HHEs) accompanying sleep paralysis (SP) are often cited as sources of accounts of supernatural nocturnal assaults and paranormal experiences. Descriptions of such experiences are remarkably consistent across time and cultures and consistent also with known mechanisms of REM states. A three-factor structural model of HHEs based on their relations both to...
Consciousness and Cognition
June 1, 1999
J Smythies
29 citations
This paper concentrates on the basic properties of "consciousness" that temporal coding is postulated to relate to. A description of phenomenal consciousness based on what introspection tells us about its contents is offered. This includes a consideration of the effect of various brain lesions that result in cortical blindness, apperceptive and associative agnosia, and blindsight, together with...
Consciousness and Cognition
June 1, 1999
Binding and the phenomenal unity of consciousness.
Consciousness and Cognition
June 1, 1999
A K Engel, P Fries, P König et al.
Cognitive functions like perception, memory, language, or consciousness are based on highly parallel and distributed information processing by the brain. One of the major unresolved questions is how information can be integrated and how coherent representational states can be established in the distributed neuronal systems subserving these functions. It has been suggested that this so-called...