Ibotenic Acid as a Neuroecological Stressor: Environmental Modulation of the Ibotenic Acid–Muscimol Ratio in Amanita muscaria and Its Toxicological Implications
Preprints.org June 22, 2026 Andrzej Günther, Barbara Bednarczyk-Cwynar preprint
Amanita muscaria is one of the most recognizable toxic mushrooms, yet its chemical and toxicological variability remains insufficiently understood. Its principal neuroactive isoxazole compounds, ibotenic acid and muscimol, differ substantially in pharmacological profile: ibotenic acid is associated mainly with glutamatergic excitatory activity, whereas muscimol is a potent GABAergic compound....