Current Neuropharmacology
August 31, 2026
Harrison J. Elder, Bryan W. Jenkins, C. Austin Zamarripa et al.
Introduction: This narrative review systematically examines the available empirical evidence for interactions between delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC or THC) and C. sativa’s other phytochemical constituents hypothesized to underpin the popular yet controversial notion of ‘entourage effects’ experienced with botanical cannabis. Many relevant preclinical and clinical studies have been...
Psychopharmacology
August 27, 2026
Frederick S. Barrett, David Wolinsky, Zach Daily et al.
RATIONALE: Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) has been reported to evoke psychedelic-like experiences at high doses in some individuals. However, the doses of Δ9-THC that occasion such effects and the phenomenology of these experiences are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES: This brief report presents preliminary findings from a pilot human laboratory study that directly compared the acute...
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
June 3, 2026
Isabella Goodwin, Dominic Oliver, Edward Chesney et al.
Global shifts towards the liberalisation of cannabis policies have increased the potency of cannabis products, alongside their accessibility, diversity, and the number of inexperienced cannabis consumers. There is a lack of systematic evidence on the subjective effects of cannabis' main psychoactive compound, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). We systematically reviewed and meta-analysed data from...
JAMA Network Open
May 1, 2026
C Austin Zamarripa, Spencer Lin, Mckenna Klausner et al.
Simultaneous cannabis and alcohol use (co-use) is a public safety concern. Controlled data on the effects of co-ingestion of oral cannabis products (edibles) with alcohol are lacking, despite an increased prevalence of this behavior. To evaluate the individual and interactive effects of cannabis edibles and alcohol on simulated driving and subjective and objective impairment measures. This...
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
November 1, 2025
Justin C Strickland, Hayleigh E Tilton, Noah M Patton et al.
Cannabis products premixed with caffeine are increasingly present in the United States marketplace. Despite emergence of this product class, no human laboratory data have directly evaluated the isolated impact of caffeine on Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) effects as well as additional impacts of other common co-administered cannabinoids. This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled,...
Journal of Psychopharmacology
November 10, 2023
David Wolinsky, Frederick Streeter Barrett, Ryan Vandrey
16 citations
Cannabis and classic psychedelics are controlled substances with emerging evidence of efficacy in the treatment of a variety of psychiatric illnesses. Cannabis has largely not been regarded as having psychedelic effects in contemporary literature, despite many examples of historical use along with classic psychedelics to attain altered states of consciousness. Research into the “psychedelic”...
JAMA Psychiatry
2023
Brian D Kiluk, Bethea A Kleykamp, Sandra D Comer et al.
22 citations
Novel treatments for opioid use disorder (OUD) are needed to address both the ongoing opioid epidemic and long-standing barriers to existing OUD treatments that target the endogenous μ-opioid receptor (MOR) system. The goal of this review is to highlight unique clinical trial design considerations for the study of emerging treatments for OUD that address targets beyond the MOR system. In...
Psychopharmacology
May 1, 2019
Thomas R. Arkell, Nicholas Lintzeris, Richard C. Kevin et al.
177 citations
BACKGROUND: The main psychoactive component of cannabis, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), can impair driving performance. Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating cannabis component, is thought to mitigate certain adverse effects of THC. It is possible then that cannabis containing equivalent CBD and THC will differentially affect driving and cognition relative to THC-dominant cannabis. AIMS:...
Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
April 2, 2018
Muhammad Waqas, Frederick S. Barrett, Nicolas J. Schlienz et al.
37 citations
Introduction: Cannabis has been historically classified as a hallucinogen. However, subjective cannabis effects do not typically include hallucinogen-like effects. Empirical reports of hallucinogen-like effects produced by cannabis in controlled settings, particularly among healthy research volunteers, are rare and have mostly occurred after administration of purified Δ-9 tetrahydrocannabinol...
Adolescent psychiatry (Hilversum, Netherlands)
April 1, 2013
Ryan Vandrey, Matthew W Johnson, Patrick S Johnson et al.
26 citations
Over the past decade, non-medical use of novel drugs has proliferated worldwide. In most cases these are synthetic drugs first synthesized in academic or pharmaceutical laboratories for research or drug development purposes, but also include naturally occurring substances that do not fit the typical pharmacological or behavioral profile of traditional illicit substances. Perhaps most unique to...