PLoS One
March 14, 2024
Adam W. Levin, Rafaelle Lancelotta, Nathan D. Sepeda et al.
65 citations
In a small randomized trial of psilocybin-assisted therapy for adults with major depressive disorder, the therapeutic alliance between participants and facilitators strengthened from the final preparation session to one week after the intervention. A stronger alliance before the psilocybin sessions predicted lower depression scores at 4 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months afterward. Stronger alliance also correlated with more intense mystical experiences and psychological insight during the drug sessions, which in turn predicted better depression outcomes. The findings suggest the therapeutic relationship is important for treatment success.
BMJ Open
May 1, 2023
Alan K. Davis, Adam W. Levin, Paul Nagib et al.
19 citations
Psilocybin-assisted therapy may help treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which current treatments often fail to relieve, especially in U.S. military veterans. This open-label pilot study will test two psilocybin doses (15 mg and 25 mg) combined with psychotherapy in 15 veterans with severe, treatment-resistant PTSD. The primary safety outcome tracks adverse events and suicidal ideation; the primary PTSD outcome uses the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale-5. Follow-up continues for 6 months after the second session. Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.
Journal of Psychedelic Studies
August 21, 2023
Stacey B. Armstrong, Adam W. Levin, Yitong Xin et al.
12 citations
Among 856 U.S. mental health professionals—social workers, psychiatrists, and psychologists—there were no differences in confidence that psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) would be effective. However, psychiatrists showed a better understanding of PAT than social workers. Psychologists rated PAT as more acceptable than social workers did, and psychologists also rated it as a more reasonable treatment approach than both social workers and psychiatrists. Social workers perceived greater disadvantages of PAT than psychologists and psychiatrists, and they were less likely than both other groups to believe PAT could permanently improve clients' lives. The findings indicate a need for education and training across professions as PAT moves toward approval.
Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)
September 1, 2023
Zachary Herrmann, Adam W. Levin, Steven P Cole et al.
9 citations
Among 228 healthcare providers who treat psychiatric disorders with medications and reported at least one lifetime psychedelic use, retrospective measures showed improvements in depression, anxiety, and well-being after psychedelic exposure. Suicidality decreased and resilience increased. A factor analysis indicated that a cluster of mystical, interpersonal, and personal experiences predicted these improvements. The preferred psychedelic agent did not affect outcomes, and frequency of use was not associated with outcomes, though effect sizes varied. Harm was reported by 13.2% (n = 30), consistent with general population rates. Pre-exposure alcohol use, aggressive impulses, and desire to die by suicide improved most often, while marijuana use most often worsened or did not change.
Journal of Psychedelic Studies
September 4, 2025
Alan K. Davis, Meghan DellaCrosse, Nathan D. Sepeda et al.
4 citations
Over a five-year follow-up period, psilocybin-assisted therapy produced significant and sustained reductions in depression for people with major depressive disorder. Among the 18 participants who completed the study, 67% remained in remission for at least five years after treatment. Anxiety and functional impairment also improved. Qualitative interviews revealed lasting positive changes in mindset, emotional health, and relationships, including enhanced empathy, self-acceptance, and improved interpersonal relationships. No severe adverse events were reported. These findings support the long-term efficacy and safety of psilocybin-assisted therapy for reducing depressive symptoms and improving mental health.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)
May 1, 2025
Adam W. Levin
4 citations
A new model called HEALS (Hemispheric Annealing and Lateralization Under Psychedelics) proposes that psychedelics reverse the typical hierarchical relationship between the brain's hemispheres. Normally, the left hemisphere predominates while the right is inhibited. Under psychedelics and other altered states of consciousness, this hierarchy flips, releasing the right hemisphere from left-hemisphere inhibition. The article reviews neuroimaging evidence for lateralization under psychedelics and contrasts cognitive and emotional changes—such as attention, social and emotional intelligence, creativity and insight, and language—with those functions in each hemisphere. It also examines laterality in meditative and trance states, suggesting that many phenomena in psychedelic and other altered states may stem from atypical annealing between hemispheres toward right-hemisphere predominance.
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs
September 12, 2024
Katinka Hooyer, Rachel Yehuda, Alan K. Davis et al.
4 citations
About half of U.S. military veterans surveyed reported using psychedelics, most often for healing or treatment (70%) and spiritual purposes (48%). The vast majority (85%) said they benefited from use. Veterans who used psychedelics indicated they would be more likely to use VA services, and they expressed greater interest in psychedelic therapy compared to non-users. However, some adverse outcomes were reported, suggesting that without proper preparation and support, psychedelics may carry risks. The findings point to a potential role for psychedelic-assisted approaches in veteran mental health care.
Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology
June 11, 2025
Victor Pablo Acero, Taylor A Flatt, Peter M. Gooch et al.
Psychedelic compounds can produce rapid and lasting depression symptom reduction after one or two administrations paired with psychotherapy, unlike traditional antidepressants. Current evidence on their antidepressant mechanisms is fragmented across biological, psychological, social, and spiritual domains. This review identifies key mechanisms in each domain, comparing them with those of conventional antidepressants to highlight overlaps and differences. The authors caution that focusing too narrowly on discrete pathways may limit progress, as psychedelics likely work through complex, interwoven processes. Future research should examine how suprapharmacological factors—set, setting, therapy modality, and integration—shape outcomes, moving beyond frameworks used for standard antidepressants.
Journal of Psychedelic Studies
September 17, 2024
Adam W. Levin, Aryan Sarparast, Paul Nagib et al.
Among a sample of 180 American psychiatrists (mean age 48.4, 65.5% male, 24.1% trainees), about one-third (32.8%) reported personal use of and social connection to psychedelics. Psychiatrists with such personal connection tended to be younger and have fewer years of practice. Those with personal and social connection were more likely to disagree that using illegal drugs is morally wrong, that users should go to prison, are weak-minded, have no future, are poorly educated, are dishonest, or make them angry. Personal and social proximity to psychedelics is associated with less stigma toward drug use and people who use drugs.
Drug and Alcohol Dependence
July 1, 2024
Alan K. Davis, Adam W. Levin, Rafael Lancelotta et al.
No Summary
Journal of Psychedelic Studies
May 28, 2026
Rafaelle Lancelotta, Paul Nagib, Stacey B. Armstrong et al.
A methodology for designing and evaluating a music playlist for a clinical psilocybin trial was developed, combining theory, therapeutic goals, and metrics. The playlist was structured across pre-peak, peak, and post-peak phases of the psilocybin experience. Spotify API metrics (Beats Per Minute, Danceability, Energy, Valence) and a novel human-rated Transcendence measure were used to assess tracks. Most musical features followed the expected emotional arc of the psilocybin experience, but nature-based tracks were sometimes misclassified as high-energy by the Spotify API, revealing algorithmic limitations. Transcendence ratings indicated continued emotional depth during post-peak phases. This proof-of-concept model shows the value of integrating intentional design with algorithmic and experiential metrics, though Spotify metrics may lack stability and generalizability.