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Barbara O Rothbaum

11 papers in the library · 225 citations · publishing 2017-2025

Papers

Inhibition of serotonin transporters disrupts the enhancement of fear memory extinction by 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)

Psychopharmacology July 24, 2017 Matthew B Young, Seth D. Norrholm, Lara M. Khoury et al. 103 citations

MDMA enhances the extinction of fear memories in a translational behavioral model, an effect that depends on the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) and the 5-HT2A receptor. These findings support the potential use of MDMA as an adjunct to exposure therapy for fear-related disorders and highlight important pharmacological considerations for patients who are often treated with serotonin reuptake inhibitors.

A randomized controlled trial of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and fear extinction retention in healthy adults

Journal of Psychopharmacology February 15, 2022 Jessica L Maples-Keller, Seth D. Norrholm, Mark Burton et al. 53 citations

A randomized placebo-controlled trial tested whether MDMA enhances fear extinction retention in healthy adults. Participants underwent fear conditioning, then received 100 mg MDMA or placebo before extinction training. Fear retention was tested 48 hours later. MDMA was well-tolerated with no serious adverse events. While the overall analysis showed no significant group difference in extinction retention between training and test sessions, a significantly larger proportion of the MDMA group retained extinction learning compared to the placebo group. The results provide a rationale for further research into MDMA's potential effects on fear extinction.

A framework for assessment of adverse events occurring in psychedelic-assisted therapies

Journal of Psychopharmacology July 31, 2024 Roman Palitsky, Deanna M Kaplan, John Perna et al. 32 citations

A multidisciplinary working group identified 54 potential adverse events that warrant systematic assessment in psychedelic-assisted therapies, finding that existing measurement tools substantially fail to cover these constructs. The group developed recommendations for when and how to assess these adverse events across preparation, dosing, integration, and follow-up phases, and demonstrated a preliminary assessment protocol. The framework addresses the need to capture post-acute dosing adverse events, accounting for both the pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy components of psychedelic-assisted therapy, as well as documented impacts on worldviews and spirituality.

A critical evaluation of psilocybin-assisted therapy protocol components from clinical trial patients, facilitators, and caregivers.

Psychotherapy January 13, 2025 Roman Palitsky, Jessica L Maples-Keller, Caroline Peacock et al. 13 citations

In an open-label trial of psilocybin-assisted therapy for cancer-related demoralization and chronic pain, patients, facilitators, and caregivers identified key components and improvements for the treatment protocol. Using the Enhanced Critical Incident Technique, interviews revealed critical incidents, wish list items, and contributing factors related to therapy aspects like intention-setting and overall protocol transitions. The findings emphasize tailoring treatment to individual medical history, supporting common therapeutic factors, and ensuring collaborative care. Nine topic areas for protocol improvement emerged from the data.

Treatment Approaches for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Derived From Basic Research on Fear Extinction.

Biological Psychiatry February 15, 2025 Jessica L Maples-Keller, Laura E Watkins, Natalie Hellman et al. 12 citations

Treatment approaches for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) based on fear conditioning and extinction models are reviewed. Fear extinction provides a translational model linking basic research in nonhuman animals to human treatments such as prolonged exposure therapy. Cognitive aspects of extinction, including consolidation and reconsolidation, are discussed along with behavioral and pharmacological strategies for preventing and treating chronic PTSD. Augmentation strategies reviewed include disrupting noradrenergic processes, NMDA receptor medications, physical exercise, cannabinoids, estradiol, dexamethasone, yohimbine, losartan, dopamine, and MDMA, with evidence for their efficacy in human samples. Limitations and future directions are also addressed.

The METEMP protocol: Massed exposure therapy enhanced with MDMA for PTSD.

Contemporary clinical trials communications February 1, 2025 Jessica L Maples-Keller, Boadie W Dunlop, Barbara O Rothbaum 5 citations

An open-label pilot trial will test whether 100 mg of MDMA combined with massed exposure therapy—daily sessions for two weeks—is feasible for treating PTSD. The authors argue that combining MDMA with a gold-standard exposure treatment has translational support and strong dissemination potential. The study aims to enroll at least 15 adults with PTSD over two years to develop a treatment manual, which will later be tested in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. This approach could improve the ability to treat PTSD.

A Framework for Assessment of Adverse Events Occurring in Psychedelic Assisted Therapies

March 5, 2024 Roman Palitsky, Deanna M Kaplan, John Perna et al. 4 citations preprint

A multidisciplinary working group identified 53 potential adverse events (AEs) specific to psychedelic-assisted therapies (PATs) that current assessment tools miss. Existing measures cover only a fraction of these constructs. The group recommends new assessment methods—including patient, clinician, and informant reports—and specifies when to measure AEs across preparation, dosing, integration, and follow-up phases. The framework addresses gaps in capturing post-acute dosing effects, including changes in worldview and spirituality, which distinguish PAT from other treatments.

Rapid Effects of MDMA Administration on Self-Reported Personality Traits and Affect State: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial in Healthy Adults.

Journal of Psychoactive Drugs October 23, 2024 Jessica L Maples-Keller, Courtland S Hyatt, Nathaniel L Phillips et al. 2 citations

A randomized, placebo-controlled trial with 34 healthy adults examined whether a single dose of MDMA alters five-factor model personality traits and affective states 48 hours later. No statistically significant changes were observed for the four pre-registered hypotheses, but medium effect sizes emerged: trait Openness increased (d = .79) and Positive Affect increased (d = .51) compared to placebo. These preliminary findings suggest MDMA may produce short-term shifts in openness and positive mood, warranting larger, longer-term studies to clarify how such changes might inform MDMA-assisted therapy.

Harnessing psychedelics for treating posttraumatic stress disorder: Does the science support all the hype?

Journal of Traumatic Stress May 7, 2025 Mark Creamer, Richard Bryant, Amy Lehrner et al. 1 citation

A panel of clinicians and researchers at the 2024 ISTSS annual meeting discussed psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD. Despite diverse views, they largely agreed the approach is an exciting possibility for patients who have not responded to existing evidence-based treatments. However, they also agreed that considerably more rigorous research is needed before definitive conclusions about its components and efficacy can be drawn. Ethical concerns, especially regarding accessibility, will pose a significant challenge for provider organizations.

Reading the crowd: attitudes toward psychedelics and psychedelic therapies among attendees at a conference

Psychedelics. December 17, 2024 Zachary Bosshardt, Jessica L Maples-Keller, Deanna M Kaplan et al.

Attendees at a conference on psychedelics and spiritual care generally agreed that microdosing may have benefits and expressed modest concern about potential harm from therapeutic psychedelic use. Among 178 survey respondents, 40.2% agreed or strongly agreed that psychedelics could be harmful therapeutically, while 30.7% were unsure. A subset of 32 psychedelic care facilitators reported using psychedelics to treat a wide range of diagnoses with diverse psychotherapy approaches and endorsed a need for cultural adaptations in psychedelic treatments.

A Multisite Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Psychiatric Research and Clinical Practice October 1, 2019 Lori L. Davis, Charles Whetsell, Mark B Hamner et al.

Both mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and present-centered group therapy (PCGT) led to significant improvement in PTSD symptoms among U.S. military veterans, as measured by the clinician-administered CAPS-IV scale, with no statistically significant difference between the two treatments. However, the MBSR group showed a statistically significant improvement in self-reported PTSD symptoms on the PTSD Checklist over the nine-week treatment period, though this difference was not maintained at the 16-week follow-up. The study involved 214 veterans randomly assigned to eight weeks of either 90-minute group MBSR or PCGT. Strengths include a large sample and multisite design; limitations include high attrition and low representation of women.