Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) predominantly strengthens interregional connections and reduces self-inhibition across the brain, except in occipital and subcortical regions where connections weaken and self-inhibition increases. These patterns suggest LSD perturbs the brain's excitation/inhibition balance. Whole-brain effective connectivity, assessed via regression dynamic causal modelling of resting-state fMRI data from 45 participants in two placebo-controlled trials, discriminated LSD from placebo with 91.11% accuracy and correlated with global subjective effects, indicating potential for decoding subjective experiences.
An 8-week mindfulness training program combining 4 weeks of focusing attention (FA) meditation and 4 weeks of open monitoring (OM) meditation reduced anxiety, depression, and rumination scores, increased mindfulness scores, and shortened reaction times on the incongruent condition of the Stroop task compared with a control group. FA meditation partially improved mindfulness and effectively improved mood, while OM meditation further improved mindfulness and helped maintain a positive mood. The program was designed for ordinary individuals and included 40 participants randomly assigned to training or control groups, with assessments at three time points.