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Paul R. Smart

4 papers in the library · 17 citations · publishing 2010-2025

Papers

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ChatGPT, extended: large language models and the extended mind

Synthese June 1, 2025 Paul R. Smart, Robert W. Clowes, A. Clark

Recent research has relied on the use of fine-tuning techniques to incorporate philosophical knowledge into Large Language Models (LLMs). The present paper outlines an alternative approach to the development of such systems—one that is rooted in a technique known as Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG). In contrast to fine-tuning, RAG does not seek to adjust the internal parameters (or internal...

Phenomenal transparency and the extended mind

Synthese August 1, 2022 Paul R. Smart, Gloria Andrada, Robert W. Clowes

Proponents of the extended mind have suggested that phenomenal transparency may be important to the way we evaluate putative cases of cognitive extension. In particular, it has been suggested that in order for a bio-external resource to count as part of the machinery of the mind, it must qualify as a form of transparent equipment or transparent technology. The present paper challenges this...

Shedding Light on the Extended Mind: HoloLens, Holograms, and Internet-Extended Knowledge

Frontiers in Psychology October 21, 2021 Paul R. Smart

The application of extended mind theory to the Internet and Web yields the possibility of Internet-extended knowledge—a form of extended knowledge that arises as a result of an individual's interactions with the online environment. The present paper seeks to advance our understanding of Internet-extended knowledge by describing the functionality of a real-world application, called the HoloArt...

The Network-Extended Mind

IGI Global eBooks May 26, 2010 Paul R. Smart, Paula C. Engelbrecht, Dave Braines et al. 17 citations

Whereas the traditional view in cognitive science has been to view mind and cognition as something that is the result of essentially inner, neural processes, the extended cognition perspective claims that at least some human mental states and processes stem from complex webs of causal influence involving extra-neural resources, most notably the resources of our social and technological...