European Neuropsychopharmacology
July 17, 2026
Allan H. Young, Bernhard T Baune, Beatrice Benatti et al.
Esketamine nasal spray (NS) is an established treatment for patients with treatment resistant depression (TRD). To further optimise real-world outcomes, consensus is needed regarding strategies to enhance patient outcomes and decision-making factors for pivotal timepoints in esketamine NS treatment. This modified Delphi panel (3 rounds) established expert consensus (≥80% agreement) from 30...
Psychiatry Research
July 26, 2025
Giacomo D’andrea, Clara Cavallotto, Mauro Pettorruso et al.
16 citations
INTRODUCTION Anhedonia, defined as the diminished ability to experience or anticipate pleasure, is a core symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar depression (BD), and associated with depression severity, suicidality and poor treatment outcomes. Conventional antidepressants demonstrate limited efficacy against anhedonia. Esketamine nasal spray (ESK-NS) - a novel NMDA receptor...
Journal of Personalized Medicine
April 1, 2025
Marco Di, M. Pepe, Giacomo D’andrea et al.
18 citations
Background. Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a prevalent, high-burden disorder. Esketamine nasal spray (ESK-NS) has been approved for, T.R.D.; and efficacy has been observed in both clinical trials and real-world studies. However, observations integrating patients’ perspective on this treatment are limited. This multicentric Italian study explored experiences with ESK-NS in TRD patients,...
Current Neuropharmacology
2025
Gianluca Rosso, Giacomo d'Andrea, Stefano Barlati et al.
23 citations
Data on long-term treatment with Esketamine Nasal Spray (ESKNS) in real-world patients with treatment resistant depression (TRD) is scarce. The primary aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of ESK-NS treatment at 6 and 12-month follow-ups. This is part of an observational, retrospective, multicentric Italian study (REAL-ESK study). Subjects for the present study...
Psychiatry Research
July 29, 2023
Mauro Pettorruso, Roberto Guidotti, Giacomo D’andrea et al.
56 citations
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) represents a severe clinical condition with high social and economic costs. Esketamine Nasal Spray (ESK-NS) has recently been approved for TRD by EMA and FDA, but data about predictors of response are still lacking. Thus, a tool that can predict the individual patients' probability of response to ESK-NS is needed. This study investigates sociodemographic and...
Bipolar Disorders
January 13, 2023
Giovanni Martinotti, Bernardo Dell’osso, Giorgio Di Lorenzo et al.
72 citations
BACKGROUND: Bipolar depression accounts for most of the disease duration in type I and type II bipolar disorder (BD), with few treatment options, often poorly tolerated. Many individuals do not respond to first-line therapeutic options, resulting in treatment-resistant bipolar depression (B-TRD). Esketamine, the S-enantiomer of ketamine, has recently been approved for treatment-resistant...