BACKGROUND: Religious and spiritual practices are among the most ancient and universal human behaviors, yet their neurobiological substrates remain incompletely characterized. Neurotheology-the scientific study of the relationship between spiritual experience and brain function-has produced growing evidence that such practices generate measurable, systematic, and neuroplastic changes in brain...
Medieval Arab-Islamic scholars (7th-13th centuries CE) made pivotal but underacknowledged contributions to sleep science, blending empirical observation with theological insight. This review examines primary texts, especially al-Rāzī's al-Ḥāwī fī al-Ṭibb and Ibn Sīnā's Canon of Medicine, alongside secondary literature to illuminate their advanced understanding of sleep physiology, disorders,...
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can present with or provoke various psychological symptoms. In this article, we critically review studies that have examined dreams, dream recall, and dream content in patients with OSA. Obstructive events induce recurrent sleep fragmentation and intermittent desaturations in patients with OSA, which may trigger different parasomnias, including nightmares....