Metabolites
June 1, 2026
Yujie Zhang, Qing-Hong Wang, Yan-Jun Wang et al.
Highlights What are the main findings? A HPLC-QTOF/MS system was used to detect potential metabolites of 2-FDCK and 2-FXE in rats, determine metabolic pathways, and analyze metabolic differences. After single intraperitoneal injection administration of the drugs, samples were collected at 1 h and 2 h post-dosing. Metabolites were identified through database searches and secondary mass...
Metabolites
February 14, 2026
Prajwal Punnamraju, Sascha K. Manier, Selina Hemmer et al.
Introduction: The availability of toxicokinetic data is critical for detecting and monitoring the intake of psychoactive substances. Timely characterization of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) is particularly important to assess their abuse potential and inform public health responses. Methods: Toxicometabolomics offers a powerful approach to characterize xenobiotic metabolism through...
Metabolites
May 8, 2024
Fabian Frankenfeld, Lea Wagmann, Anush Abelian et al.
3 citations
Ketamine derivatives such as deschloroketamine and deschloro-N-ethyl-ketamine show dissociative and psychoactive properties and their abuse as new psychoactive substances (NPSs) has been reported. Though some information is available on the biotransformation of dissociative NPSs, data on deschloro-N-cyclopropyl-ketamine deschloro-N-isopropyl-ketamine and deschloro-N-propyl-ketamine concerning...
Metabolites
January 6, 2023
Sara Malaca, Charline Bottinelli, Laurent Fanton et al.
6 citations
α-MT is a hallucinogenic and stimulant tryptamine that was involved in several overdose fatalities in the United States and Europe. Analytical toxicology, and particularly the identification of metabolite biomarkers in biological samples, often is the only way to prove tryptamine use in clinical and forensic caseworks. We aimed to identify optimal α-MT metabolite biomarkers of consumption in...
Metabolites
July 29, 2022
Sara Malaca, Marilyn A. Huestis, Leonardo Lattanzio et al.
8 citations
Tryptamine intoxications and fatalities are increasing, although these novel psychoactive substances (NPS) are not controlled in most countries. There are few data on the metabolic pathways and enzymes involved in tryptamine biotransformation. 4-acetoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (4-AcO-DiPT) is a synthetic tryptamine related to 4-hydroxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (4-OH-DiPT),...
Metabolites
November 12, 2021
Jitka Nykodemová, Anna Šuláková, Petr Palivec et al.
14 citations
Compounds from the N-benzylphenethylamine (NBPEA) class of novel psychoactive substances are being increasingly utilized in neurobiological and clinical research, as diagnostic tools, or for recreational purposes. To understand the pharmacology, safety, or potential toxicity of these substances, elucidating their metabolic fate is therefore of the utmost interest. Several studies on NBPEA...
Metabolites
March 31, 2021
Anna Šuláková, Jitka Nykodemová, Petr Palivec et al.
11 citations
N-Benzylphenethylamines are novel psychedelic substances increasingly used for research, diagnostic, or recreational purposes. To date, only a few metabolism studies have been conducted for N-2-methoxybenzylated compounds (NBOMes). Thus, the available 2,5-dimethoxy-4-(2-((2-methoxybenzyl)amino)ethyl)benzonitrile (25CN-NBOMe) metabolism data are limited. Herein, we investigated the metabolic...
Metabolites
July 27, 2020
Andrea E. Steuer, Daria Kaelin, Martina I. Boxler et al.
32 citations
Psychoactive stimulants are a popular drug class which are used recreationally. Over the last decade, large numbers of new psychoactive substances (NPS) have entered the drug market and these pose a worldwide problem to human health. Metabolomics approaches are useful tools for simultaneous detection of endogenous metabolites affected by drug use. They allow identification of pathways or...