A literature review examined how brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) embedded in mindfulness training affect metacognitive, emotional, and attention regulation skills. The review found that BCIs allow users to self-regulate mental and emotional functions by receiving feedback from their own brain activity. Subjects developed greater awareness of how non-conscious operations influence mental and emotional states. Learning to handle neurofeedback in immersive or mobile settings helped users build awareness and self-regulation skills, including inhibition and flexibility. The authors suggest that BCIs combined with mobile and immersive technologies could support mindfulness as an innovative practice for cognitive, emotional, and metacognitive development, potentially benefiting students, teachers, and workers.
Breathing and attention are bidirectionally synchronized: when respiration loses stability, attention fluctuates, and when respiration stabilizes, attention steadies. Breath-control training produces immediate and lasting attentional improvements by regulating mechanisms that strengthen mental alertness through relaxation or excitation pathways. Conscious-breath training is a mindful metacognitive practice that couples attention with respiration, using each to control the other. Virtual reality breathing training may fine-tune internal and external attention. The review concludes that breathing and attention together underpin cognition, and recommends incorporating conscious-breath training via advanced technologies into education to support brain rewiring, inclusion, and academic achievement, particularly for students with disabilities.
This review argues that clinical hypnosis can rapidly reformat cognitive and metacognitive skills, upgrade intelligence, and raise conscious experience. It claims hypnosis reorganizes survival-emotional-reward centers and smooths non-verbal pathways for effortless self-regulation, thereby improving metacognition. The authors conclude that hypnosis guarantees peak performance, innovation, success, and happiness, and can serve as a tool in education for mental training and brain rewiring. Virtual reality hypnosis is highlighted as a promising technology for metacognitive training. The review cites historical figures like Edison and Einstein as examples of hypnosis users, but does not provide empirical data or specific study results.