The cellular basis of consciousness theory claims that all cells have consciousness, but this opinion argues that the theory lacks empirical evidence to support its assertions.
Some plant scientists propose that plants are cognitive and conscious, but this remains a minority view. The authors summarize arguments against plant consciousness and critique a 2020 article by Calvo, Baluska, and Trewavas that cites Integrated Information Theory (IIT) as supporting plant consciousness. The critique argues that IIT does not restrict consciousness to living organisms and can apply to nonliving systems, undermining the claim. The authors conclude that IIT cannot prove plant consciousness, for which there is no empirical evidence or support from neuron-based theories of consciousness.