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Science December 16, 2010
Salvia divinorum may be this generation's answer to magic mushrooms. A hallucinogenic member of the mint family, it has been used for centuries by Mexican shamans for spiritual purposes. Within the past decade it's become popular as a legal high—at least where its use hasn't been outlawed. Now researchers at Johns Hopkins University have conducted the first human laboratory study on the plant,...
July 1, 2010 Anthony Lozama, Thomas E Prisinzano, David F. Wiemer et al. 1 citation
While there are a variety of therapeutics that interact with the opioid receptor system, they are not without side effects; including constipation, dysphoria and respiratory depression. A better understanding of the opioid receptor system may yield therapeutic agents with a limited side effect profile. The neoclerodane diterpene, salvinorin A, appears to interact at opioid receptors through a...
Emergency Medicine News July 1, 2010 Leon Gussow 6 citations
Salvia divinorumA quarter of a century ago, it was relatively easy to stay current on drugs of abuse. Things rarely changed. When I started practicing in 1985, the major drugs available on the street had been the same for many years: Opiates, cocaine, and phencyclidine (PCP) being the mainstays. These had all been around for decades if not centuries, and they had all been used in medical...
Psychopharmacology June 2010 Hugo A Tejeda, Vladimir I Chefer, Agustin Zapata et al.
Kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) agonists produce dysphoria and psychotomimesis in humans. KORs are enriched in the prefrontal cortex and other brain regions that regulate mood and cognitive function. Dysregulation of the dynorphin/KOR system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, depression, and bipolar disorder. Prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex (PPI), a...
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters September 15, 2009 Anthony Lozama, Thomas E Prisinzano
Diterpenes are a structural class of molecules that are derived from four isoprene subunits and are widespread throughout nature. A number of neoclerodane diterpenes have been found to have biological activity but a limited number of chemical investigations have been conducted. Recently, the neoclerodane diterpene, salvinorin A (12) has been investigated due to its unique pharmacological...
Current Medicinal Chemistry August 20, 2009 John S. Adams 7 citations
Pyramidal neurons in layer 5 of the cerebral cortex are involved in learning and memory and have complex connections with other neurons through a very large array of dendrites. These dendrites can switch between long term depression and long term potentiation depending on global summation of various inputs. The plasticity of the input into pyramidal neurons makes the neuronal output variable....
Yakugaku Zasshi June 1, 2009 Maiko Kawamura, Yukihiro Goda, Ruri Kikura-Hanajiri 19 citations
Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART) is a novel ionization technique that provides for the rapid ionization of small molecules under ambient conditions. To investigate the trend of non-controlled psychotropic plants of abuse in Japan, a rapid screening method, without sample preparation, was developed using DART-time of flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS) for plant products. The major psychotropic...
The FASEB Journal April 1, 2009 Sandy Ghozland, Srihari R. Tella, Michelle D. Walker et al.
Pursuant to the Controlled Substances Act (CSA), DEA collects and reviews scientific, medical and other data for substances with abuse potential for possible placement under the CSA. The administrative process for scheduling is ongoing for indiplon, carisoprodol, dextromethorphan, salvinorin A and several petitions requesting a change in the control status of nabilone, methylphenidate product,...
Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II 2009 Maria Carmela Bonito 2 citations
Recently most interest has been focused on active compounds extracted from natural sources. This is due to the fact that many of these natural products in plants of medicinal value can offer new sources of drugs. The genus Salvia from the Lamiaceae family has numerous different species - about 900 species- which are extensively distributed in various regions of the world. Many Salvia species...
Drug News & Perspectives 2009 Jakub Fichna, Rudolf Schicho, Anna Janecka et al. 19 citations
Salvinorin A is the major active ingredient of Salvia divinorum, a plant used by the Mazatec Indians of Mexico for spiritual and medical purposes. Different preparations from S. divinorum are also used in traditional healing practices to treat gastrointestinal disorders, including diarrhea. The recent extensive research on salvinorin A and other neoclerodane diterpenoids derived from S....