International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
June 18, 2026
Abhijit Manohar
The article argues that known dimensions of consciousness, such as integration, do not explain why specific causal structures produce particular qualia like green or red. It proposes a mathematical framework for qualia and briefly discusses Russellian monism, panpsychism, pan-proto-psychism, and neutral monism. The author contends that these dimensions do not account for how immaterial consciousness arises without invoking proto-consciousness. As an example, the neural circuitry for color vision is mapped, and the author suggests similar mapping is needed for other phenomena.
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
May 14, 2026
Siddappa Naragatti
Mental obstacles such as stress, anxiety, cognitive distortions, emotional instability, and attentional dysregulation are increasing due to urbanization and technology. Classical yogic literature describes these as fluctuations of the mind (Citta Vritti) and internal obstacles (Antaraya), while modern psychology sees them as maladaptive cognitive and affective processes. This review synthesizes evidence from 2000 to 2025 and finds that yogic practices (asana, pranayama, meditation, ethical disciplines) reduce physiological stress and improve attentional stability. Psychological interventions like cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction modify maladaptive thought patterns. Integrated approaches combining both are more effective than standalone interventions, reducing anxiety, depression, and stress while enhancing cognitive clarity and emotional resilience. Mechanisms include improved vagal tone, neuroplastic changes, and hormonal regulation.
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
May 8, 2026
Arpan Solanki, Rajeev Kumar
Practitioners of Tantric mantra chanting (Guru Mantra and Baglamukhi Mantra) showed higher concentration and memory scores and significantly lower perceived stress compared to non-practitioners. Among 150 young adults aged 18–30, 75 practitioners and 75 non-practitioners were compared using standardized scales. Positive correlations emerged between concentration and memory, while perceived stress negatively correlated with both memory and concentration. The findings provide empirical support for cognitive and stress-reducing benefits of Tantric mantra practice.
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
January 10, 2026
Mumun Das.
Consciousness research is advanced by integrating philosophical debates about qualia, the hard problem, panpsychism, and illusionism with empirical neuroscientific theories like Global Workspace Theory and Integrated Information Theory. Interdisciplinary approaches have improved theoretical clarity and empirical testability. The article also examines whether artificial systems could achieve conscious states, offering novel perspectives that bridge diverse frameworks to further the study of consciousness.
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
September 19, 2025
Deepak Salhan, Hemani Ahuja
A combination of nebulized ketamine and clonidine before general anesthesia reduces the incidence and severity of postoperative sore throat more effectively than ketamine alone or saline. In a randomized trial of 120 patients, sore throat occurred in 12.5% of those receiving the combination at 24 hours after surgery, compared to 47.5% with ketamine alone and 67.5% with saline. The combination also lessened the severity of sore throat. These results indicate that adding clonidine to ketamine nebulization is a valuable option for improving patient comfort after general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation.
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
June 18, 2025
Rajat Ramesh Pithadia, Sheetal Rajan
A review of GHB and Ecstasy (MDMA) combines literature searches, government documents, interview-notes with victims, and case studies to describe their misuse and effects on attentiveness, senses, and cognitive skills. The report includes a conceptual cross-sectional descriptive study of the drugs and an empirical longitudinal exploratory study of control and counteractive measures, both medical and personal. The goal is to establish uniform understanding of predatory drug use and develop strategies to counteract criminal intent, enhancing safety on streets and in medical facilities.
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
May 19, 2025
Rahul Dnyanesh Palshetkar, Mrudula Joshi, Pralhad Wamanrao Pai
A pilot study of Vishwa Prarthana chanting, a practice propounded by Sadguru Shri. Wamanrao Pai, showed popularity and empirical positive effects for mental wellbeing and happiness. The authors describe a planned registered trial to scientifically evaluate this chanting practice, presenting the study protocol including rationale, design, methodology, follow-up, statistical tests, and therapeutic aspects of chanting described in Ayurveda. The work highlights that common mental health conditions like anxiety, fear, depression are often neglected, and that India ranks low on the global happiness index despite a rich cultural heritage of practices like mantra, meditation, and prayer, which have limited scientific evidence.
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
April 3, 2025
David Nisenboim
A new class of fast-acting antidepressants called psychoplastogens promotes significant and long-lasting changes in neural plasticity after a single dose, unlike conventional treatments. This study developed a novel classification of psychoplastogens based on their structural models and performed docking experiments to measure their binding energy to the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor. A correlation was identified between the hallucinogenic effect of some psychoplastogens and their affinity to the 5-HT2A receptor. The authors then predicted binding affinities of newly generated psychoplastogens, validated with their methodology, aiming to guide future in vitro and clinical research on these drugs.
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
September 27, 2024
Prabir Kumar Chatterjee, Prachi Indurkar
Attaining Samadhi, a state of profound meditation and spiritual absorption described in ancient Vedic texts, the Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita, and Yoga Darshana, faces intensified hindrances in the 21st century. Traditional obstacles—distractions, desires, ego, and ignorance—are systematically categorized in Patanjali's Yoga Sutras as the five 'Kleshas'. A comparative analysis with modern Western existentialist thought reveals an enduring struggle of human consciousness. Contemporary challenges such as technology, stress, and materialism add further complexity. Overcoming these requires a synthesis of ancient meditative practices with modern tools to achieve stillness and transcendence in the digital age.
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
September 5, 2022
Thao Phuong Nguyen
The authors argue that modern reliance on technology and large-scale institutions has created a separation between individuals and from the living world, leading to injustice, poverty, and environmental pollution. They contend that temporary technological fixes cannot solve these deep problems and that true happiness and liberation require turning inward. The article proposes that practicing loving-kindness meditation can help cultivate ethical behaviors, offering a path toward real happiness and ultimate liberation (Nibbāna). A brief overview of social ethics issues in the contemporary world is presented.
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
July 5, 2017
Bangar, Mukesh
Consciousness is not a process but the result of an integrated sensory-motor loop (ISML) involving two or more different types of sensors (e.g., eye and ear) working with the brain. This integration of sensory information produces outputs that constitute genuine artificial intelligence. The theory extends beyond consciousness to propose an artificial neural network model for processes such as associative plastic memory, adaptive bridging, labeling, learning, data structures, and self-governed executions. Algorithms described have been practically tested, and applications have been built based on the theory, which the author believes marks the beginning of self-aware, self-learning, and self-governing machines.
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
November 27, 2021
Balika Satish Tawade, Megha Madhukar Doiphode
Current education systems fail to develop students' full brain potential. Distraction, stress, depression, and anxiety impair brain regions responsible for gathering and processing information, reducing effective functioning. Learning mindfulness improves performance under pressure, enhances focus, and fosters a growth mindset that supports learning. Mantra chanting optimizes the channelization of energy through the body. Regular meditation and mantra chanting produce beneficial results regardless of faith or religion.