What should one do with a writer about mystical experience if he lacks that experience? Does this thinker have the right to speak about it? I am one of those outsiders who—as far as I am aware—has not had any mystical experience. Yet there are holes in this reasoning when one considers that there are phenomena very similar to, and perhaps overlapping with, mystical experiences that people...
This paper examines the intersection between religiosity and the psyche in the work of Carl Gustav Jung, focusing on the concepts of symbol, collective unconscious, and archetype. Based on the Jungian definition of religion as an experience of the ‘numinous’, we analyze how these notions underpin the understanding of religiosity as an expression of universal psychic structures. The study...
This article develops a new materialist approach to the representation of mystical-type experiences in Virtual Reality (VR). It investigates how sensory modalities and virtual environments are employed to translate the indeterminate and invisible qualities of mental states and evoke experiences of liminal consciousness that are characteristic of mystical-type experiences associated with...
Wana Alus in Pencu Hamlet, Terong Village, Dlingo District, Bantul, is a forest area steeped in mystical narratives and religious practices that live on in the community's collective memory. Its popularity has surged again after its local stories were featured in the film *Kemah Terlarang*, which positioned the forest as both a mysterious space and a symbol of spirituality. This research begins...
In Ken Russell’s film Altered States (1980), the character Dr. Jessup (played by William Hurt) is a psychopathologist who embarks on a journey of intellectual and spiritual self-discovery. After experimenting with isolation tanks, Jessup travels to Mexico to take part in the religious practices of the Indigenous Hinchi, a ceremony that includes ingesting the hallucinogenic mushroom Amanita...
BACKGROUND: Dreaming during anesthesia is common and may have mental health benefits. However, systematic research on its incidence and outcomes in clinical settings remains limited. This study implemented a standardized propofol-based, electroencephalography (EEG)-guided emergence bundle to facilitate a preemergence state conducive to dreaming, integrating it into routine care to assess...
Purpose: Tiruvācakam, composed by Māṇikkavācakar in the 9th century CE, stands as one of the most profound spiritual texts in Tamil Śaiva literature. Unlike doctrinal treatises or systematic theological expositions, Tiruvācakam articulates theology as lived experience—embodied through emotion (bhāva), surrender (śaraṇāgati), and mystical intimacy with Śiva. This study examines Tiruvācakam as a...
LSD is a psychedelic drug known for its ability to alter perception and psychological functioning by acting on the serotonin 2A receptor. Historically, LSD and other psychedelics were used in psychiatry, and there is currently a resurgence of interest in their therapeutic potential. Recent studies suggest that psychedelic therapy, often involving the patient lying down with closed eyes and...
Our aim is to explore neural network mechanisms for phenomenal binding, i.e. combining micro-units of information into the macro-scale conscious experience common in human phenomenology. Such experiential complexity is a key feature that aspiring theories of phenomenal consciousness must account for. We motivate phenomenal binding in a way that aids translation to computational neuroscience,...
Abstract Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly consulted by individuals for support during psychedelic experiences ("trip sitting"), yet no framework exists to evaluate whether these models can accurately simulate or safely respond to altered states of consciousness. We aimed to determine if LLMs can be induced to generate narratives resembling human psychedelic experiences and to...