Maslow’a göre insanın kendisini gerçekleştirebilmesi için “ihtiyaçlar piramidi”nin doyuma ulaşması gerekir. Hümanist psikolojinin bu piramidinde fizyolojik ihtiyaçlar, güvenlik ihtiyacı, sevgi ve ait olma ile saygı ihtiyaçları karşılandığında kişi kendini gerçekleştirebilmektedir. Maslow, kendini gerçekleştirme güdüsü tatmin olduğunda “aşkın bilinç deneyimleri” yaşanabileceğini belirtmiştir....
Understanding consciousness requires bridging theoretical models and clinically measurable brain dynamics. This review integrates three complementary frameworks that converge on a dynamical view of conscious processing: continuous formulations of Integrated Information Theory (IIT), attractor-landscape modeling of brain-state transitions, and perturbational complexity metrics from transcranial...
Mysticism refers to extraordinary experiences that transcend perceived reality and transform the individual. Section 1 introduces key features such as noetic and ineffable qualities, alongside psychological typologies and a fourfold hierarchy of mystical forms. Section 2 explores monistic mysticism, where self and ultimate reality merge in oneness and ego-dissolution, illustrated through...
The intensity of the psychedelic experience has been shown to be associated with its clinical efficacy. This study aims to investigate the factors that may influence the level of altered consciousness during naturalistic psychedelic use, which serves as a proxy for the intensity of the psychedelic experience. A retrospective online survey was conducted on individuals who reported a psychedelic...
Loneliness, which has reached an all-time high in the United States, has been linked to reduced self-reported empathy. Loving kindness meditation (LKM) is aimed at extending love and kindness to others and has been shown to increase empathy. But whether LKM can reduce loneliness, and whether this corresponds to higher levels of trait empathy, state empathy, and/or neural empathic responding,...
The field of consciousness research has reached a somewhat contentious atmosphere. From “adversarial collaborations”, where consciousness theories compete, to open letters where researchers label some theories as pseudoscience, the subject is becoming harder to investigate and results difficult to interpret as there is still a significant aura of mysticism rooted in dualism and its modern...
The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of philosophical and Sufi models of self-reflection to develop an integrative metamodel framework of subject formation. In the Western philosophical tradition, self-reflection is primarily understood as a rational-analytical procedure oriented toward clarifying the conditions of knowledge, conceptualizing experience, and securing the certainty of...
Background: Individuals with schizophrenia appear to experience differences in dreaming compared to control populations-the small amounts of research that does exist demonstrates abnormalities such as simpler dreams that are more bizarre and with greater negative content than those of controls. Dream-related psychopathology remains insufficiently described however-particularly experiences in...
There is a strange mercy in the way the mind forgets a mercy that medicine has rarely understood. In our age of biomedical triumphalism, where pharmaceutical companies spend billions on Alzheimer's therapies promising to rewind the unrewindable, we speak of memory loss exclusively as catastrophe, as the progressive erasure of selfhood requiring aggressive intervention. This article proposes a...
Transcendence – the capacity to rise above everyday concerns and access deeper meanings – is presented in this chapter as a vital spiritual resource. While traditionally associated with religious experience or divine reality, transcendence is also explored in secular terms, such as personal awakening, self-overcoming or profound human connection. Drawing on real-life examples, the chapter...