Major depressive disorder is a severe mental condition characterized by abnormalities in the structure and function of the brain. Ketamine is a novel antidepressant that has rapid effects on depression. This drug is clinically used to treat depression in patients with acute suicidal ideation or behavior. It is typically administered at a dose of 84 mg. However, the distribution of ketamine in...
Ketamine is effective for treatment resistant depression (TRD); but cost-effectiveness evidence remains limited. To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of subcutaneous ketamine for TRD from health sector and societal perspectives. A cost-utility analysis alongside the KADS randomised controlled trial (RCT) involved 174 participants receiving ketamine or midazolam (active control) twice weekly for 4...
Recent evidence suggests that NMDA receptor antagonists, such as ketamine, may offer benefit in catatonia. This systematic review was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ketamine and esketamine for catatonia.
ACS Chemical NeuroscienceOctober 13, 2025Rajiv Agrawal, Daniel J. Gillie, Alison E. Mungenast et al.8 citations
Many neuropsychiatric conditions, including depression, involve synaptic loss and atrophy of the prefrontal cortex. The rapid regrowth of cortical neurons has been hypothesized to explain the rapid and enduring therapeutic effects of psychedelics and the dissociative anesthetic ketamine. However, safety concerns related to hallucinogenic/dissociative properties have limited the addressable...
HippocampusOctober 7, 2025Yiru Dong, Jundi Wang, Olivia Ge et al.
Anorexia nervosa (AN) has high mortality and relapse rates, yet no accepted pharmacotherapies. Reports based on six individuals suggest that ketogenic diet (KGD) combined with sub‐anesthetic ketamine (KET) is an effective treatment. The animal model, Activity‐Based Anorexia (ABA), captures AN's maladaptive behaviors of voluntary food restriction, excessive exercise, severe weight loss,...
Research SquareOctober 7, 2025Małgorzata Domżalska, Joanna Kwiatkowska, Iwona Cichoń et al.
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Abstract Depression is a debilitating mental disorder affecting millions worldwide, yet current pharmacological treatments, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), often exhibit delayed onset and limited efficacy. The chronic social defeat (CSD) stress model in mice is a well-established preclinical paradigm for inducing depression-like behaviors and evaluating antidepressants...
Nonprescribed use of ketamine has increased worldwide due to its hallucinogenic and psychedelic effects. Ketamine use disorders (KUDs) are marked by intense cravings and tolerance, which often trigger relapses and worsen recovery outcomes, defined as sustained ketamine abstinence with reduced cravings, resolved withdrawal symptoms, and improved psychosocial functioning. Currently, there are no...
Physiology & BehaviorOctober 1, 2025Irving Aguilar-Martínez, J. Góngora-Alfaro, R. Navarro-Polanco et al.
A significant percentage of depression patients are resistant to pharmacological treatments, highlighting the need for novel antidepressant strategies. Ketamine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, produces rapid antidepressant effects and is effective in treatment-resistant cases, but its association with cognitive and behavioral abnormalities resembling schizophrenia limits broader clinical utility....
INTRODUCTION Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) represents a significant therapeutic challenge, as conventional treatments demonstrate limited efficacy. Although ketamine's acute antidepressant effects are well-documented, the role of maintenance therapy remains understudied. We conducted a systematic review to assess the efficacy, safety, and optimal implementation strategies of ketamine...
Igor D Bandeira, MD, PhD, Luke A Jelen, MD, PhD, Jason M Tucciarone, MD, PhD, Boris D Heifets, MD, PhD, Carolyn I Rodriguez, MD, PhD, Alan F Schatzberg, MD