European Psychiatry
June 1, 2022
B. Leal, D. Vila-Chã, S. Garcia et al.
Introduction Nitrous oxide (NO), also known as “laughing gas” is a colorless gas used as an anesthetic, a propellant in some foods, an engine performance enhancer and a recreational drug. When inhaled, it is known to provoke a rapid feeling of euphoria or excitement for a short period of time, dissociative phenomena and sometimes laughter. As its fellow anesthetic agent and NMDA-receptor...
Cureus
May 27, 2022
Robert Sotille, Herpreet Singh, Anne Weisman et al.
2 citations
Current medications have not been effective in reducing the prevalence of mental illness worldwide. The prevalence of illnesses such as treatment-resistant depression has increased despite the widespread use of a broad set of psychopharmaceuticals. Transcranial magnetic stimulation and ketamine therapy are making great strides in improving treatment-resistant depression outcomes but they have...
Frontiers in Psychiatry
May 26, 2022
Ilya Demchenko, Vanessa K Tassone, Sidney H. Kennedy et al.
31 citations
Conventional monoamine-based pharmacotherapy, considered the first-line treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD), has several challenges, including high rates of non-response. To address these challenges, preclinical and clinical studies have sought to characterize antidepressant response through monoamine-independent mechanisms. One striking example is glutamate, the brain's foremost...
Cureus
May 23, 2022
Kawther N Elsouri, Sahand Kalhori, Diego Colunge et al.
15 citations
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that often presents after exposure to a traumatic, life-threatening event. Experiencing a traumatic event is not rare, with inciting incidents ranging from being burglarized to politically motivated genocide. While traditional psychopharmacology and psychotherapy are the mainstays of the treatment of PTSD currently, psychoactive drugs...
Military Medicine
April 21, 2022
Stephan Rudzki
7 citations
ABSTRACT Introduction Treatment outcomes for PTSD with current psychological therapies are poor, with very few patients achieving sustained symptom remission. A number of authors have identified physiological and immune disturbances in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) patients, but there is no unifying hypothesis that explains the myriad features of the disorder. Materials and Methods The...
Psychopharmacology
March 26, 2022
Giulia Piazza, Georges Iskandar, Vanessa Hennessy et al.
14 citations
A significant obstacle to an improved understanding of pathological dissociative and psychosis-like states is the lack of readily implemented pharmacological models of these experiences. Ketamine has dissociative and psychotomimetic effects but can be difficult to use outside of medical and clinical-research facilities. Alternatively, nitrous oxide (N2O) — like ketamine, a dissociative...
RCMOS - Revista Científica Multidisciplinar O Saber
March 22, 2022
Fabricio Chaves de Melo Castelo Branco
This article addresses treatment-resistant depression (TRD) as one of the main contemporary challenges in psychiatry, highlighting the need for innovative and safe therapeutic approaches. The study aims to analyze the multidisciplinary role of the anesthesiologist in the administration of subanesthetic doses of ketamine, a drug that has demonstrated rapid and clinically relevant antidepressant...
March 11, 2022
William E. Schreiber
This chapter highlights the similarities in chemical structure and physiologic effects of hallucinogens, as well as their metabolism, therapeutic uses and potential for misuse or abuse. Special attention is given to the testing process, with an emphasis on interpretation of test results. Hallucinogens are drugs that alter an individual's perception of reality. The classic hallucinogens include...
C&EN Global Enterprise
March 7, 2022
Bethany Halford
Over the past decade, psychedelic compounds like psilocybin and ecstasy have emerged as potentially life-changing treatments for mental illnesses, including major depressive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. Read on to learn how some companies are trying to bring these once-demonized drugs to market and how others are hoping to use chemistry to eliminate their hallucinogenic effects—a...
Frontiers in Psychology
March 4, 2022
Agnieszka D. Sekula, Luke A. Downey, Prashanth Puspanathan
27 citations
Psychotherapy with the use of psychedelic substances, including psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), ketamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), has demonstrated promise in treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, addiction, and treatment-resistant depression. Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy (PP) represents a unique psychopharmacological model that...